比利时 Negenoord 观景塔 | 自然材料与技术的融合_教育空间_设计案例作品

发布时间：2017-05-25 15:00:00 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

利用当地材料和技术，打造与环境融合的观景塔，展现自然与建筑的和谐共生。

c.Filip Dujardin

架构师提供的文本描述。Negenoord以前是一个砾石开采区(约150公顷)，现在变成了一个名为MaasValley河公园的自然保护区，面积2500公顷，位于由Maas河形成的比利时-荷兰边界两侧。重建也为河流提供了更多的空间，造成了洪水泛滥的地区。

Text description provided by the architects. Negenoord is a former gravel extraction area (about 150ha), which is now transformed to a nature reserve called Maasvalley Riverpark, 2500 hectares in size and located on both sides of the Belgium-Netherlands border which is formed by the Maas river. The redevelopment also gives more space for the river creating a flooding area.

我们这个项目的客户是一个政府机构，负责组织以前所有的砾石开采区的重建工作。Negenoord的重建概念侧重于自然发展、自然教育和娱乐用途，为了充分体验这一地区，必须在该地区中部的一座小山上建造一座小型观察塔，以保护该塔免受冬季洪水的侵袭。

Our client for this project is a government organization who organizes the redevelopment of all former gravel extraction areas. The concept for the redevelopment of Negenoord focused on spontaneous nature development, natural education but also recreational use. In order to fully experience the area, a small observation tower had to be built on a small hill, located in the middle of the area and created to keep the tower safe from winter floods.

c.Filip Dujardin

我们建造了一座建筑，是用从Maas地区挖掘出来的当地材料建造的：土、粘土和砾石。外墙是用夯土技术建造的。这些墙的表面积会慢慢侵蚀，所以过一段时间，砾石就会变得可见。在里面，一个带有楼梯的中央核心是由混凝土制成的，它被喷砂，以显示砾石。通过它的物化，这座建筑告诉我们它建造的地点。并在它的环境中牢固地锚定。

We created a building that was crafted with the local materials excavated from the Maas area: earth, clay and gravel. External walls were created with the rammed earth building technique. The surface area of these walls will slowly erode, so the gravel will become visible after a while. Inside, a central core with stairs is made out of concrete, which is sandblasted to show the gravel as well. Through its materialization, the building tells us about the location it’s built. and becomes strongly anchored in its environment.

c.Filip Dujardin

爬到顶端的过程是按不同的顺序构思的。在顶部3级楼梯的每一个着陆点上，都有不同的视野向环境开放。三角形的形状和切割角的位置是由这些观点决定的。

The climb to the top is conceived in different sequences. On each of the landings of the top 3 staircases a different view opens up to the environment. The triangular shape and the position of the cut-off corners was determined by these views.

夯土建筑技术有几千年的历史，在世界各地都可以找到。土壤潮湿的土壤被倒入15厘米的层中，形成一个模板，并被机械地压缩到12厘米。砂、粘土和砾石的正确混合使其适合于建造承重墙.

The rammed earth building technique is thousands of years old and can be found in the whole world. Soil-damp earth gets poured in layers of 15cm into a formwork and is compressed mechanically to 12cm. The correct mixture of sand, clay and gravel makes it suitable for building load-bearing walls.

c.Filip Dujardin

这座塔是比荷卢地区的第一座公共土楼。建筑技术的标准化仍在发展中。目前还没有标准，因此很难描述在公共项目中使用的技术。

The tower is the first public earthen building in the Benelux region. the standardization of the building technique is still under development. For the moment, there are no standards yet and that makes it difficult to describe the technique for use in a public project.

为了保证施工质量，设计团队得到了一个国际专家小组的支持：Cratterre/Vessières。

To guarantee the quality of the construction, the design team was supported by an international team of experts: Cratterre/ Vessières&Cie/ BC Studies. The earth-consultants analyzed different local materials, tried different mixes and evaluated them on compression force, abrasion, color and appearance. The chosen mix consisted of 20% gravel, 40% ochre-colored earth, and 40% clay, stabilized with Trasslime. They also included a report on how to detail architectural design when building with Rammed Earth, as well as on how to organize the construction site for Rammed Earth Works.

c.Filip Dujardin

在施工过程中，对工人进行了混合、保持适当湿度、建筑模板、捣固和拆除模板等方面的培训。每周进行现场湿度测试和试样压缩力的实验室测试，以监测质量。

During construction, workers were trained in mixing, maintaining right humidity in the mix, building formwork, ramming and removing formwork. Every week, field testing of humidity, and laboratory testing of compression force on specimens were done to monitor the quality.

c.Filip Dujardin

夯土工程耗时7周。大约20立方米的夯土每周进行，从楼梯到楼梯，到达11米高。

The Rammed Earth works took 7 weeks. Around 20 m3 of rammed earth was done every week, working from staircase to staircase., to arrive at 11 meters high.

c.Filip Dujardin

从不同人物的角度看，一部关于观景塔的短片由Lotte Knaepen和Marco Levantacti拍摄。

A short film about the observation tower, seen from the perspective of different characters, was made by Lotte Knaepen and Marco Levantacti

Architects De Gouden Liniaal Architecten

Location Negenoord, 3650 Dilsen-Stokkem, Belgium

Category Landscape Architecture

Architects in Charge Jan Thys, Kristof Benaets, Frank Vanden Ecker, Raf Snoekx

Area 46.0 m2

Project Year 2016

Photographs Filip Dujardin