来自
ASLA
Landslide 2020: Women Take the Lead |
The Cultural Landscape Foundation
项目概述
PROJECT STATEMENT
“压倒性的2020：女性作为领导者”（Landslide 2020: Women Take the Lead）是在文化景观基金会（TCLF）屡获殊荣的教育和宣传项目“Landslide”的框架下创办的专门网站，它关注由女性景观设计师创造、与杰出女性相关联却又面临威胁的景观场地。该网站推出于美国宪法第十九条修正案通过100周年之际（鉴于该修正案保障了妇女的选举权），其内容包含网站介绍、每个场地的历史图解、每位设计师的个人传记、场地所面临的风险、以及读者可以参与其中的方式。
http://bit.ly/38APolr
），采访对象包括景观设计师、历史学家、设计师以及其他与景观场地相关的人物。除此之外，展览中还呈现了对从业者的一系列总结性访谈（
http://bit.ly/3rTB7Yo
），探讨了当下出现的各种问题以及女性在景观设计行业中所要面临的挑战。
Landslide 2020: Women Take the Lead, created within the umbrella of The Cultural Landscape Foundation’s (TCLF) award-winning education and advocacy program Landslide, is a dedicated, richly-illustrated website focused on at-risk landscapes created by women landscape architects and/or associated with prominent women. It was timed to the centennial of the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guaranteed women the right to vote. The website includes an introduction, an illustrated history of each site, an illustrated biography of each designer, the threats posed to them, and ways for people to get involved.
A corresponding traveling photographic exhibition was derailed by the novel coronavirus pandemic. In its place, TCLF created an online exhibition featuring contemporary and newly-commissioned photography, and also produced more than twenty richly illustrated four- to eight-minute video interviews, Landslide Conversations (
http://bit.ly/38APolr
), with landscape architects, historians, designers and others associated with the sites. There are also introductory and concluding (
http://bit.ly/3rTB7Yo
) interviews with practitioners who address present-day issues and challenges women uniquely face in pursuing a career in landscape architecture.
▲“压倒性的2020：女性作为领导者”微型网站页面：左边的登录页面和右边的放大图展示了景观设计师Ruth Shelhorn与华特·迪士尼的照片。顶部的导航链接涵盖了总体介绍、所有景观场地的横向幻灯片，以及展示所有场地的地图。Landslide 2020: Women Take the Lead microsite. Landing page (and enlargement) shows landscape architect Ruth Shelhorn with Walt Disney. Navigational links at top. Includes: brief introduction, horizontal slideshow of all the sites, and map showing all of the sites.
项目说明
PROJECT NARRATIVE
目的：Landslide®项目的目标是引发人们对受威胁的文化景观的直接与持久关注。作为文化景观基金会（TCLF）的四个主要项目之一，Landslide引发了讨论，揭示了我们每天身处的场所所包含的价值，同时鼓励了以社区为基础的管理工作。Landslide项目将长期监测那些处于危险中的景观，并在每年产出一份年度专题报告，以帮助未来几代人拯救我们共同的景观遗产。通过网络新闻报道、巡回展览、技术援助、在线讲座和印刷出版物， Landslide项目从地方、州和国家的不同层级上动员并扩大了对景观遗产的支持。
“Landslide 2020”旨在突出和呈现美国各地由女性设计或与女性相关的重要文化景观，网站中所呈现的许多场地都是由于其蕴含的历史和文化意义而受到全国的关注。然而，它们与女性的联系或许仍未被充分意识到，这也让许多重要的遗产面临着威胁。总而言之，这些场地彰显了女性在设计和管理我们共同的建筑环境中的重要作用；Landslide 2020的发布强调了女性创作的景观作品对于延续遗址和服务公众的重要意义，同时也为当今女性在景观行业中的发展提供了更多的可能性。
TCLF曾经计划举办一次巡回摄影展，作为Landslide 2020的一部分。该展览原定于在波士顿建筑学院揭幕，随后再迁移至国家建筑博物馆，但最终因为疫情而未能按计划实现。TCLF为此重新创建了一场内容丰富的线上展览。众多著名摄影师无偿提供了他们最新拍摄的作品和影像，为当代和档案照片提供了补充，其中档案照片附有详细的场地历史和相关设计者的介绍。除此之外，在五周的时间里，策划团队还通过Zoom软件对多位景观设计师、历史学家以及其他领域的专家进行了共计25小时的采访，并最终将采访视频剪辑为4-8分钟的“Landslide对话”系列（
http://bit.ly/38APolr
）。此外，展览还呈现了对从业者的一系列总结性访谈（
http://bit.ly/3rTB7Yo
），探讨了当下出现的问题以及女性在景观设计行业的竞争中所要面临的挑战。
受众：网站的受众包括景观设计师、景观设计系学生、景观历史学家、女性历史研究者、城市研究者、生态学家、遗址管理人、美国非裔群体研究者以及普通公众。
信息：Landslide 2020重点关注了女性在过去与当下景观设计专业中的地位和作用、曾经获得过的多种成就，以及她们在遗产存续方面的脆弱性。网站中呈现的许多场地都是由于其蕴含的历史和文化意义而受到全国的关注。然而，它们与女性的联系或许仍未被充分意识到，这也让许多重要的遗产面临着威胁。例如，佐治亚州萨凡纳市的居民可能并不知道，Clermont Lee是该州第一位拥有景观设计师执照的女性，以及她曾经负责该市几个重要广场的维护工作，使其免于遭受道路建设的不可修复的破坏。他们可能同样不知道，美国女童子军团体创始人Juliette Gordon Low在萨凡纳的出生地，其景观同样是由Clermont Lee设计。可悲的是，为了创造能够带来收入的活动空间，女童子军已于去年清除了这处由Lee打造的景观。
在Landslide与历史学家Thaisa Way的访谈（
https://bit.ly/3tcCSjJ
）中，后者提到，景观设计师Marjorie Sewell Cautley为新泽西州Radburn社区所做的具有社会意识的设计，是基于她自身以及她所服务的人群的共同 “生活经验”而实现的：Cautley始终将自己置于与使用者相同的立场。另一位被报道的实践家Genevieve Gillette，她为保护密歇根州最优质的公共景观进行了超过10万个小时的志愿劳动。Landslide还采访了哈莱姆文艺复兴时期诗人Anne Spencer的孙女Shaun Spencer-Hester（
https://bit.ly/38Ak71R
），后者讲述了Spencer和她的丈夫如何在弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡打造优美的田园景观，并将一处菜园改变为广受作家、诗人与艺术家喜爱的场所。在近日故去的景观设计先驱Carol Johnson，在生前曾发起过一项全球性的实践，她的前公司合伙人Marion Pressley在访谈中（
https://bit.ly/3tinDWJ
）讲到，尽管Johnson有着强大的能力和影响力，但她的许多开创性的项目仍然面临着悄然堙灭的风险。总而言之，网站中介绍的景观场地突出了女性在设计我们日常所处的建筑环境（包括市政公园、广场、公共住房和公共花园等等）中的重要作用。Landslide 2020强调，必须尊重女性作为设计师、影响者和思想领袖对景观学科所做出的贡献，只有这样，才能够让这些场地继续在未来存活、供公众享用，并成为未来设计师的灵感源泉。
当Beatrix Farrand在1899年成为美国景观设计师协会（ASLA）唯一的女性创始成员时，就表明了女性已成为景观设计领域不可或缺的部分。事实上，到二十世纪初，在美国各个地区都已经可以见到由女性创办的景观公司。女性在行业中的地位日益提升，不仅如此，如今在大学就读景观设计专业的本科生和研究生也大多是女性。然而，她们在专业级别上的代表性还远远不够，截至2018年，仅有35.5%的ASLA成员、30.4%的公司负责人以及20.2%的ASLA学会会士是女性。此外，如Sara Zewde在访谈（
https://bit.ly/3rFV5WA
）中所说，目前有色人种的女性在景观设计学科中的比例仅为0.02%。
Landslide 2020展示的12个景观场地也向我们揭示了目前存在的巨大问题。虽然该网站发布于美国宪法第十九条修正案通过一百周年之际，但它依然面临着全国性的社会动荡，以及长期存在的不公正与差异。景观行业对黑人、原住民和有色人种的包容性和公平程度仍是一个重大的问题。在过去四十年，从女性从业者所受到的种种障碍体现了该职业与家庭生活之间存在的冲突，在与Juanita Swink（
https://bit.ly/3bDflmf
）、Martha Schwartz（
https://bit.ly/3leq7lZ
）和Alison Hirsch（
https://bit.ly/3qGAlga
）等人的访谈中都提出了这一问题，并且毫无疑问将会引起专业女性景观设计师们的共鸣。不过，生活与工作的冲突也只是公平性的复杂网络中存在的诸多问题之一。在探讨女性在行业中的未来的对话中（
https://bit.ly/3vhRrV0
），Gina Ford说到，提高女性在行业中的比例，不仅仅是一个道德问题，它同时也是一个行业命题；唯有这样做才能够帮助行业降低不必要的风险。她表示：“我们正在遗失的，是‘卓越的品质’与‘人才’，这实际上是一场专业领域的危机。”
传播：综上所述，这场全面且持续的战略媒体运动，已借助订阅者超过31000人的双周电子通讯和推广邮件实现了大范围的传播，其他宣传平台还包括YouTube频道、景观建筑杂志广告等。
▲Landslide 2020介绍页面，包含关于该项目的详细信息，以及与报道中的女性从业者共同制作的精彩视频片段。Landslide 2020 Intro. “Intro” page with detailed information about Landslide 2020 and links to richly produced video segments with and about the women practitioners featured in Landslide 2020.
▲景观场地链接页面。该页面展示了被报道的全国各地景观项目的超链接。Landslide 2020 hot links to sites. Landing page with hot links to all Landslide 2020 sites from coast to coast.
▲个人传记链接页面。该页面展示了众位实践者的传记链接，包括景观设计师Carol Johnson和Martha Schwartz，艺术家Mary Miss和诗人兼设计师Anne Spencer等等。Landslide 2020 hot links to biographies. Landing page with hot links to illustrated biographies of the Landslide 2020 landscape architects (Carol Johnson, Martha Schwartz), artists (Mary Miss) and designers (Harlem Renaissance poet Anne Spencer).
▲Anne Spencer传记首页。该页面包含了传记简介和一个媒体库，后者呈现了八张静态照片，以及对Shaun Spencer-Hester，即Anne Spencer的孙女的采访视频。点击“相关内容”链接可进入该场地的官方网站。Landslide 2020 Anne Spencer biography landing page. Sample landing page for Anne Spencer biography. This includes a biographical profile, a media gallery with an illustrated interview with Shaun Spencer-Hester about her grandmother, and eight still photographs. “Related Content” section links to the site’s official entry.
▲“Landslide对话”系列视频主页，包含24条视频链接。“Landslide对话”是对多位景观设计师、历史学家、主题领域专家以及被报道者的家庭成员的一系列采访，讨论了设计师本人和与之相联系的景观场地。这些视频也可以在TCLF的YouTube主页观看。Landslide 2020 Landslide Conversations landing page. Landing page with links to 24 videos – Landslide Conversations – includes richly produced interviews with landscape architects, historians, subject-area experts colleagues and family members discussing the designers and their associated sites. These also appear on TCLF’s YouTube page.
▲关于Anne Spencer的报道的网页截屏。这六张照片截取自Landslide 2020对Shaun Spencer-Hester的采访，后者讲述了她的祖母、哈莱姆文艺复兴时期诗人Anne Spencer的生平故事，以及Spencer所设计的位于弗吉尼亚州林奇堡的同名花园。Landslide 2020 screen grabs about Anne Spencer. Six “screen grabs” from the video interview with Shaun Spencer-Hester about her grandmother, the Harlem Renaissance poet Anne Spencer, designer of the eponymous garden in Lynchburg, VA.
▲Landslide 2020对景观设计师Martha Schwartz和Peter Walker的采访视频截图。他们讨论了Schwartz在加州圣地亚哥所做的儿童公园和池塘的设计——该项目是Schwartz和Walker的唯一一次合作，如今却正面临着被抹除的风险。 Landslide 2020 screen grabs with Schwartz and Walker interviews. Six “screen grabs” from the video interviews with landscape architects Martha Schwartz and Peter Walker discussing Schwartz’s design for Children’s Park and Pond in San Diego, CA – the single collaboration between Schwartz and Walker now threatened with erasure.
▲Landslide 2020对美国敦巴顿橡树园园林研究主任Thaisa Way的采访视频截图。采访中讨论了景观设计师Marjorie Sewell Cautley为新泽西州Radburn社区所做的具有社会意识的设计。此外还有新拍摄的无人机视角照片。Landslide 2020 screen grabs with Thaisa Way. Six “screen grabs” from the interview with Thaisa Way, director of garden studies, Dumbarton Oaks, discussing landscape architect Marjorie Sewell Cautley and the socially conscious design for Radburn, NJ planned community. Includes newly commissioned drone videography.
▲Anne Spencer住宅和花园的展示页面。该页面包含David Lepage受托最新创作的一系列当代摄影作品。顶部的导航栏提供了所有在线展览内容的访问链接。每个景观场地都拥有一个类似的页面。Landslide 2020 Anne Spencer House & Garden landing page. Representative landing page for the Anne Spencer House & Garden featuring newly commissioned contemporary photography by David Lepage. The navigation bar at top provides access to all the online exhibition content. A similar page exists for all the sites.
▲额外信息页面。从上个页面向下滚动，可以浏览到Anne Spencer的个人传记（点击网页上的链接可以查看详细介绍），以及景观场地的描述和历史故事等。右边的三个导航栏分别是“历史”“威胁”和“图库”。Landslide 2020 Anne Spencer site additional information. Continue scrolling and the Anne Spencer site page includes: one-paragraph introduction; history of the site; short biography with a link to a longer biography; navigation bars to the threat; and gallery of images.
▲从上个页面继续向下滚动，可以查看该场地所受到的威胁，并了解“你能为之做些什么”，例如捐款、付费参观或成为志愿者等。该网页还提供显示该场地的GPS地图。所有出现在网站上的场地均有同样的设置。Landslide 2020 Anne Spencer site “What You Can Do To Help. Scrolling further one finds information about the threat to the site along with a “What You Can Do To Help” section and a GPS-enabled map of the site’s location. The same information exists for all Landslide 2020 sites.
▲由David Lepage专门为Anne Spencer花园拍摄的当代彩色照片之一，展示在网页的媒体库中。Landslide 2020 Anne Spencer site commissioned photography. One of the full-screen commissioned contemporary color photographs of the Anne Spencer garden by David Lepage in the media gallery.
▲由Alan Ward专门为约翰·F·肯尼迪纪念公园拍摄的当代彩色照片之一，该项目位于马萨诸塞州剑桥市，由景观设计师Carol Johnson设计，是Landslide 2020报道的另外一个景观场地。Landslide 2020 John F. Kennedy Memorial site commissioned photography. One of the full-screen commissioned contemporary color photographs by Alan Ward of the John F. Kennedy Memorial Park in Cambridge, MA, designed by landscape architect Carol Johnson, another one of the Landslide 2020 sites.
▲由Barrett Doherty专门为南湾项目拍摄的照片之一，使用了无人机。该公园位于纽约市炮台公园城，由景观设计师Susan Child和艺术家Mary Miss设计，是Landslide 2020报道的另外一个景观场地。Landslide 2020 South Cove site commissioned photography. One of the full-screen commissioned contemporary drone images taken by Barrett Doherty of South Cove in Battery Park City in New York City, designed by landscape architect Susan Child and artist Mary Miss, another one of the Landslide 2020 sites.
▲《纽约时报》的专题报道截图。《纽约时报》为Landslide 2020项目发布了1200字的专题报道。Landslide 2020 Screen grab of New York Times coverage. Screen grab showing of the 1,200-word New York Times feature story about Landslide 2020.
PROJECT NARRATIVE
Purpose: The goal of Landslide® is to draw immediate and lasting attention to threatened cultural landscapes. Landslide, one of the four major programs of The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF), sparks debate, revealing the value of places we experience daily and encouraging informed community-based stewardship. Landslide monitors at-risk landscapes and produces annual thematic reports such as Landslide 2020: Women Take the Lead to help save our shared landscape legacy for future generations. Through web-based news stories, traveling exhibitions, technical assistance, online lectures, and print publications, Landslide mobilizes and amplifies support for that legacy at the local, state, and national level.
Landslide 2020 highlights cultural landscapes from around the nation that were designed by or are associated with women. Many of the places featured in this year’s thematic report are nationally known for their historical and cultural significance. However, their associations with women may be unrecognized, leaving these important legacies under threat. Taken together, these sites highlight the significant role of women in designing and stewarding our shared built environment. Landslide 2020 emphasizes the importance of honoring women’s landscape architecture so that these sites survive into the future for the enjoyment of the public while also inspiring women today about the possibilities of a career in the profession.
TCLF had planned to create a traveling photographic exhibition as part of Landslide 2020, which was slated to debut at the Boston Architectural College then travelling to the National Building Museum. However, the onset of the novel coronavirus, which led to the museum closures upended those plans. TCLF pivoted and created an extensive online exhibition. Celebrated photographers provided newly-commission photography (pro bono) and videography to supplement contemporary and archival images that accompanied detailed site histories and its associated designers. In addition, over the space of five weeks we conducted 25 hour-long interviews over Zoom that were edited down four- to eight-minute richly-illustrated videos, Landslide Conversations (
http://bit.ly/38APolr
), with landscape architects, historians and other experts. There are also introductory and concluding (
http://bit.ly/3rTB7Yo
) interviews with practitioners who address present-day issues and the unique challenges women practitioners face.
Audience: Landscape architects, landscape architecture students, landscape historians, women’s history studies, urban studies, ecologists, stewards of the sites, African-American studies and the general public.
Messages: Landslide 2020 focused on the role of women in the landscape architecture profession historically and today, the variety of their accomplishments and the fragility of their legacies. Many of the places featured in Landslide 2020 are nationally known for their historical and cultural significance. However, their associations with women may be unrecognized, leaving these important legacies under threat. For example, do people in Savannah, GA, know that Clermont Lee, the first woman licensed landscape architect in Georgia, and the first licensed landscape architect, male or female, in the City of Savannah, is largely responsible for protecting the city’s celebrated squares from irreparable damage from road construction? And do they also know Lee was the landscape architect for the birthplace of Girl Scouts USA founder Juliette Gordon Low in Savannah. Sadly, last year the Girl Scouts demolished their Lee-designed landscape to create a revenue-generating event space.
Landscape architect Marjorie Sewell Cautley’s socially conscious design for the community of Radburn, NJ, was based on her shared “lived experiences” with those she served, as noted in a Landslide Conversation with historian Thaisa Way (
https://bit.ly/3tcCSjJ
). Cautley walked in the same shoes as the people she designed for, says Way. Another featured practitioner, Genevieve Gillette, volunteered more than 100,000 hours during her life to protect Michigan’s best natural features for public enjoyment. Meanwhile, the Harlem Renaissance poet Anne Spencer and her husband created an idyll in Lynchburg, VA, that evolved from a vegetable garden to a welcoming place for writers, poets, and other Harlem Renaissance artists as noted in the Landslide Conversation with her granddaughter Shaun Spencer-Hester (
https://bit.ly/38Ak71R
). The recently deceased Carol Johnson built a global practice, says former firm partner Marion Pressley in a Landslide Conversation (
https://bit.ly/3tinDWJ
). Despite her import and impact, some of Johnson’s seminal projects are at risk of a quiet death. Taken together, these sites highlight the significant roles of women in designing the built environment around us from municipal parks and plazas to public housing and public gardens. Landslide 2020 emphasizes the importance of honoring women’s contributions to the discipline as designers, influencers and thought leaders, so that these sites survive into the future for the enjoyment of the public — and as inspiration for future designers.
Women have been part of the field of landscape architecture from its U.S. origins in 1899 when Beatrix Farrand became the only woman founding member of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). In fact, women-owned firms could be found in various regions in the country by the early twentieth century. Today, the role of women in the profession has grown such that women now make up the majority of both undergraduate and graduate students in university landscape architecture programs. However, they are not nearly as well represented at the professional level. As of 2018, only 35.5 percent of ASLA members, 30.4 percent are firm principals, and 20.2 percent of ASLA Fellows were women. In addition, as Sara Zewde tells us in a Landslide Conversation (
https://bit.ly/3rFV5WA
), women of color represent a mere .02% of the discipline today.
The twelve Landslide 2020 sites are representative of this much larger issue. While Landslide 2020 coincided with the centennial of the passage of the nineteenth amendment to the Constitution, it also appeared as nationwide social upheaval highlighted and addressed long-standing injustices and disparities. Within the profession, inclusion and equity for Black, indigenous, and people of color continue to be significant issues. Studies of roadblocks for women in the profession over the past four decades have consistently pointed to the incompatibility between this career and family life, an issue addressed in the Landslide Conversations with Juanita Swink (
https://bit.ly/3bDflmf
), Martha Schwartz (
https://bit.ly/3leq7lZ
) and Alison Hirsch (
https://bit.ly/3qGAlga
). There are themes that certainly would have resonated with professional women landscape architects—many of whom never married or had children. But life-work balance is only one issue in a complex web of equity concerns. In a Landslide Conversation about the future of women in the profession Gina Ford says (
https://bit.ly/3vhRrV0
) increasing the presence of women is not just an ethical issue, it’s a business proposition; not doing so puts the profession at risk of irrelevance. “What we’re losing,” Ford says, “is excellence” and “talent … this is a professional crisis.”
Impact & effectiveness: Landslide 2020 was the focus of a sustained, comprehensive strategic media campaign implemented across traditional and social media at international, national, regional and local levels, through its sponsors, and through its media partners. And, despite a global pandemic and a fractious presidential election, both of which dominated news coverage, whether national, regional or local, TCLF was able to secure key placements in consumer general interest and specialty media. Landslide 2020 was the subject of a full-page feature article in the New York Times Fine Arts & Exhibits Special Report, which was syndicated to other newspapers nationally, and a twelve-page spread in the November 2020 issue of Landscape Architecture magazine. Additional coverage appeared in more than two dozen local and regional media in connection with specific sites, such as the features in the Lynchburg News Advance about the home and garden of Harlem Renaissance poet Anne Spencer in Lynchburg, VA, and Tribeca Citizen about South Cove by landscape architect Susan Child in Battery Park City, NY. There was also coverage in international and national specialty media including ArchDaily, The Architect’s Newspaper, World Architects, ArtDaily, The Art Newspaper, and others. Landslide 2020 continues to be cited in press coverage and social media.
Distribution: A comprehensive, sustained strategic media strategy (see impact & effectiveness), inclusion in bi-weekly e-newsletters and dedicated e-blasts that reach more than 31,000 recipients, TCLF’s YouTube channel, Landscape Architecture Magazine ad, and more.
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