2014 青岛世园会天水地池服务中心——地景式建筑融入自然之美_停车场_设计案例作品

发布时间：2015-03-30 22:24:00 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

地景式建筑风格，巧妙处理建筑与环境的关系，提供丰富的观览体验。

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2014 世界园艺博览会于 4 月 25 日在青岛开幕，“天水”和“地池”是百果山上的两个原有湖泊，两个服务中心也因为分别坐落在两个湖边而得名。作为园博会园区内的主要建筑，承担着人流集散、活动集聚、餐饮、休闲景观、文化传播、展示等多项功能。由于建筑性质及地理位置等的特殊性，在设计中需要处理好几个特殊关系：

一、建筑与建筑由于与园博会主题馆同处于园区中轴线上的重要位置，设计既需要考虑在远观时突出主题馆建筑，同时又希望人们走到临近区域时又能被建筑所吸引，也就是如何处理好“隐”和“现”的关系。

二、建筑与环境百果山以及项目具体所在地天水、地池都拥有很好的自然景观，建筑又处在湖边的显著位置，如何处理好建筑和自然的关系，使得建筑与自然相融。

三、建筑与人，由于服务中心的特殊性质，人流量很大，如何让四面八方的游客很快捷地到达服务中心区域，同时为暂时不能进入服务中心的游客提供观景、休息类的其他功能场所。

The International Horticultural Exposition 2014 opened in Qingdao on April 25th; the two service centers, “Heavenly Water (Tianshui)” and “Earthy Pond (Dichi)”, are named after the two extant lakes on Baiguo Mountain where the buildings are respectively located. As the primary architecture of the Expo area, the buildings undertook multiple functions including circulation hub, activity center, restaurant, recreational landscape, cultural communication, exhibition, etc. Considering the distinctive nature of the architecture and its geographical location, the following unique relationships require particular design treatments:

1. Architecture vs. Architecture – The service centers sit on the same central axial as the Expo Theme Pavilion, the building placement at such a significant location will require design treatment of the relationship between the “invisible” and the “visible”; i.e. the accentuation of the Theme Pavilion from afar, and yet have its own draw in proximity.

2. Architecture vs. Environment – The Baiguo Mountain and the Heavenly Water and Earthy Pond lakes where the named project is located have outstanding natural landscape. Given the prominent location of the buildings by the lakes, the design treatment of the relationship between architecture and nature is vital to the deliverance of their organic integration.

3. Architecture vs. Human – Due to the unique nature of the service centers, which have to handle large circulation flow, the design has to ensure visitors from all directions can reach the service center area swiftly; and at the same time, it has to provide for visitors who can’t gain access into the service centers momentarily as a venue for viewing and resting.

天水综合服务中心

针对这些问题，设计师以“地景式建筑”的方式提出解决方案：

一、通过合理地利用地形高差，将建筑与环境作为一个整体设计，功能按照不同标高分区设置，尽量减少建筑体量的同时获得最佳的景观朝向。建筑顺应地形分为两层，二层屋顶与路面平齐，最大限度减小体量感，不对北侧的主题馆形成压迫，同时可以让游客顺势走上屋顶平台欣赏自然景观。一、二层主要餐厅设置于面上、面湖方向，从而使得游客获得最好的观景体验，超市、服务站等辅助功能则位于屋顶平台下，便于到达。

二、最大限度地保留原有地形地貌，原有植被。如天水服务中心东侧小岛就是保留原有地貌的前提下加入杨树林等新的绿化景观。

三、为了使游客在方便到达的同时拥有丰富的观览体验，设计中应用了多路径游览系统的概念。所谓多路径游览就是在最大限度保证交通可达性、便利性的同时，提供超过一条的游览路径，使得游客在来、回的过程中可以走不同的路，使用沿途不同的功能，并欣赏各异的景观。

Tianshui Service Center

In response to these issues, the designers proposed “landform architecture” as a design solution:

1. Through the reasonable use of the differences in natural gradients, the architecture and its setting are engaged as an integrated design, where the functions are placed and classed following the different grade levels, minimizing the architecture volume while maintaining the best possible view orientation. The architecture is split into two levels conferring to the natural landform: the second floor roof is flush with the street level, lessening the presence of the building volume as much as possible such that it does not press upon the Theme Pavilion on the north side, and providing visitor access to the rooftop platform for viewing of the natural landscape. The main restaurants of the first and second floors are facing the lakes, such that the visitors can have the best possible viewing experience; auxiliary functions such as supermarket and service stations are located under the rooftop platform for ease of access.

2. Preservation of the extant landform, landscape and vegetation to the greatest extent. For instance, the small island east of the Heavenly Water Service Center has preserved its original landscape with addition of new elements such as the poplar tree forest.

3. A multi-trail system has being employed in order to provide maximum visitor experience and accessibility. The multi-trail system is the provision of more than one visiting routes while ensuring maximum accessibility and conveniences, such that the visitors can take different routes back and forth, enjoying the various function and landscapes along the way.

地池综合服务中心

由于同天水服务中心所提到的地景式建筑的设计方式异曲同工，地池服务中心对建筑、环境与人三个设计要素做出的回应如下：

一、合理利用场地高差地池服务中心以中间下沉广场与地池湿地连接，建筑及景观顺应地形设置不同标高，提供多方可达性的同时提供不同高度的观景体验，主要建筑空间低于周边路面标高，面向中央下沉广场，方便游客使用的同时可以获得最佳的亲水景观。

二、最大限度地保留原有地形地貌，原有植被地池服务中心区域百余棵原有树木则完全保留，同时创造屋顶平台及绿化空间，既能节约能源，又使得建筑融于景观之中。

三、多路径游览系统地池服务中心将一个三维菱形网格系统应用于设计中，网格根据地形的起伏以及功能的需要进行自适应性调整，在保证调整规则不变的前提下最终得到整体建筑及景观的设计，在这个调整过程中，适应地形及高度的纵向调整非常重要，形成了顺地形趋势的不同高度上的屋顶平台、观景台、广场空间等一系列连续的空间体系，而顺应菱形网格形成的阶梯系统就成为这一系列空间之间的转换元素。此时建筑被看作是一定高度参数控制下的变体，融入整个几何系统之中，最终得到了一个建筑与环境一气呵成的空间体系。

Dichi Service Center

Working on similar design principles as the Heavenly Water Service Center, the Earthly Pond Service Center made according design responses to the aforementioned three elements of architecture, environment and human:

1. Reasonable use of differences in natural gradient – The sunken courtyard of the Earthly Pond Service Center is adjoined to the lake wetland. The architecture and landscape heights are set following the natural grade levels, providing multiple accessibilities and viewing experiences at different elevations. The main architecture spaces are lower than the surrounding street levels, facing the central sunken courtyard, thereby accommodating the visitors while affording view of preeminent water landscape.

2. Preservation of the extant landform, landscape and vegetation to the greatest extent – All of the hundreds of trees in the Earthly Pond Service Center area were preserved in their entirety; a rooftop platform and green space were also created, which promoted building efficiency and helped integrated the architecture into the landscape.

3. Multi-trail system – The Earthly Pond Service Center applied a 3-dimensional diamond shaped grid system in the design. The grid carried out self-adaptive adjustment according to the variations in landform and functional needs, and achieved the eventual design of the overall architecture and landscape under the pretext of constant adjustment parameters. During the adjustment process, the adaptation of the landform and longitudinal adjustment of elevations are very important, such that created a series of sequential spatial systems at various heights consisting of the rooftop platform, observatory deck, plaza spaces, etc., which are formed following the extant landform morphology; the step system formed following the diamond shaped grid system became the transformational element interring these series of spaces. The architecture is then seen as a variant of a parametric control of a certain level, integrated into the geometric system, delivering a cohesive spatial system of architecture and its environment.