三星堆博物馆新馆 | 光影交织的历史长河之旅_文化中心_设计案例作品

发布时间：2022-02-14 12:57:52 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

充分利用光影变化，创造出独特的空间体验，充分展现三星堆文明的独特魅力。

三星堆古遗址位于四川省广汉市西北鸭子河南岸，分布面积 12 平方公里，距今已有 5000 年历史，是迄今为止在西南地区发现的范围最大、延续时间最长、文化内涵最丰富的古城、古国、古蜀文化遗址。三星堆遗址被称为 20 世纪人类最伟大的考古发现之一，被誉为“长江文明之源”。

随着三星堆遗址的持续发掘，三星堆博物馆新馆的建设提上日程。我团队参与此次设计征集，有机会以建筑师的角度表达我们对三星堆文明的理解与致敬，呈现一段由光与空间引领的奇妙的旅程。

The Sanxingdui Ancient Ruins is located on the south bank of the Duck River, in Guanghan, Sichuan Province. It covers a 12 square kilometers’ area which dated 5000 years, making it by far the largest, oldest and most culturally enriched ancient city, kingdom and ruins in the southwest China. Sanxingdui is recognized as one of the greatest archaeological discoveries in the 20th century and praised as “the origin of the Yangtze River civilization”.

My team participated in this design solicitation and had the opportunity to express our understanding and tribute to Sanxingdui civilization from the perspective of architects, presenting a wonderful journey led by light and space.

▼东南鸟瞰，Aerial view from southeast ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

西侧鸟瞰，Aerial view from west ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

随着 6 号坑等多个祭祀坑的持续发掘，博物馆区内现状的两个陈列展厅已经不能满足研究、教育、展览等传统功能，以及休憩、娱乐等延伸功能，新馆的建设迫在眉睫。新馆选址位于馆区的北侧，现状为自然的湖水景观，承载园区泄洪功能。

园区内的 1 号馆和 2 号馆是主要对游客开放的陈列馆，其中以 2 号馆为园区的最高点，其独特的螺旋上升的建筑造型已成为人们对三星堆博物馆的主要印象。新馆靠近 2 号馆，且体量远远大于园区内的建筑，用地长约 400 米，宽约 80 米，十分狭长。

新馆的设计需要充分考虑对 2 号馆的影响并融入周边环境。用地东侧邻城市道路，是人流的主要来向，北侧紧邻鸭子河，为古蜀文明的母亲河，南临中轴大道，作为整个园区的主轴线，西临 2 号馆，四个面的场地条件差异很大且复杂，伴随严苛的高度控制和指标要求，如何在尊重环境的基础上延续三星堆的精神文脉，和周边环境形成一种共生关系，这对设计带来了难度与挑战。

▼馆区场地现状，Site context ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

With the continuous excavation of the No. 6 and many other sacrificial pits, the current two exhibition halls in the museum park are approaching to their full capacity, which calls for a new exhibition hall to be built. The selected site is located at the north side of the current exhibition halls, which is currently a lake used as flood discharge. The selected site is extremely long and narrow which is roughly 400 meters long and 80 meters wide. The exhibition hall No.1 and No.2 are the primary halls that open to tourists. Among them, hall No.2 is located at the highest point of the park, and its unique spiraling architectural shape has become the biggest impression of the Sanxingdui Museum. The new exhibition hall will be close to hall No. 2 and will be much larger than any of the buildings in the park. The design of the new hall needs to consider thoroughly with the impact on hall No.2 and the integration with its surroundings. The selected site is adjacent to the Duck River to the north, city roads to the east, Zhongzhou Avenue to the south, and exhibition hall No. 2 to the west. Considering the different and complex site conditions of the four adjacent sides, and strict quality control requirements, there are challenges faced to this design.

▼西南鸟瞰，Aerial view from southwest©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

针对复杂的场地环境，设计采用了多维度的差异化处理：建筑由西至东逐渐升高，延续建筑破土而出的意向，同时也能削减一部分建筑体量。面向园区建筑是谦卑的融入覆土中的姿态，面向城市面是完整的建筑体量，面向鸭子河的一面呈现曲线的连续形态，与水面倒影构成奇幻的曲线。不同环境不同的处理方式让建筑自然的融入园区环境，同时也避免了简洁的建筑形态所带来的单一解读，既拥有城市界面的威严高大形象，也造就了一个根植于巴蜀大地，自然生长出来的三星堆博物馆新馆。

▼左：场地回应，右：体量生成，left: site analysis, right: volume generation©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

In response to the complex site conditions, the design adopts a multi-dimensional varies treatments: the building gradually rises from west to east, as if it is rising from the ground. The building facing the museum park side has a shape emerged to the ground with a humble felling, facing the city side has its full building volume, facing the Duck River side express a continuous form of curvature, and together with water reflections forms magical curves. Different design concepts and methods with different surrounding environments allows the building to naturally blend into the park environment, and meanwhile it also has the majestic and tall image of the urban interface, makes the new building of Sanxingdui Museum rooted from the land of Bashu and grow out of the nature.

▼临河立面：展现灵动的曲线和朦胧的灯光，Facade facing the river: showing flexible curves and dim lighting ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

参观者经过城市道路进入与遗址公园相连的园区规划道路。三星堆博物馆的整体设计以永续发展的视角，将整个园区视作生命之树，通过设计梳理它的主干和枝叶。三星堆文物通天神树将转化成博物馆区重要的功能流线，新的轴线有序串联所有参观点。清晰的内外流线，将办公、参观、货流等部分清晰分流，同时重新规划了人车分流的双动线，将主轴线移至北侧，参观者经游客中心，沿主轴依次进入各馆参观游览。

Visitors entre from city roads will go through park roads which link to the archaeological park. The overall design of Sanxingdui Museum takes a sustainable point of view, sees the whole park as a tree of life, as we rearrange the trunk, branches and leaves of this tree through design. The flow line of the museum area is inspired by the Tongtianshenshu of Sanxingdui cultural relic, and the new axis will connect all the visiting points in an orderly manner. Clear internal and external circulation design creates clear separation of office, visiting, and cargo flow spaces. Meanwhile, traffic circulation and the pedestrian path are separated in the new design. The main axis is moved to the north of the park, after passing the tourist center, visitors can then go to each exhibition halls along the axis in turn.

▼透过水面建筑面形成三星堆眼睛的形态，The building surface forms the shape of Sanxingdui eyes through the water surface©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼主入口局部透视图，Perspective of the main entrance ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼独特设计的穿孔板纹理，Unique perforated board texture ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

为了在狭长的体型中布置 3 万平米的展厅，而不产生枯燥的游览体验，我们采取串联的布局，在南北两侧布置展厅，中央线性的廊道将所有展厅紧密联系，廊道不再是单一的交通空间，而是一个历史的、开放的、公共的多义空间。将展厅成组布置，其中穿插多个休闲庭院，实现建筑空间与城市空间的连接，成为建筑内部的开放界面，与馆外的自然形成对话。一条变换多彩的二层公共展廊连接各个展馆，同时穿越于重器展厅和空中庭院，最终建构了一个具有导向性的线性空间序列，带给观众不同的观展体验，把观展、观景、交流、漫步休息融于一体。

▼功能面积分析，Functional area analysis ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

In order to arrange an exhibition hall of 30,000 square meters in a long and narrow site, to avoid generating a boring tour experience, we adopted a series layout, arranged the exhibition rooms on the north and south end, and extruded a linear corridor in the center called the Long River of History. Visitors Wander in the long river of history corridor can appreciate the brilliant culture of Sanxingdui and explore new and unknown archeological discoveries that are constantly being discovered. The exhibition rooms are arranged in groups, with multiple leisure courtyards interspersed in between provides interaction with the outside surrounding natures. The basic exhibition rooms are on the first floor, including history introduction and large bronze ware exhibit rooms; The second floor are special exhibit rooms that shows excavated stories and new archaeological discoveries. A colorful gallery corridor connects the various exhibit rooms on the second floor, while crossing the large bronze ware exhibit room and the sky courtyard, bringing various experiences to the audience, taking the exhibition, viewing, communicating, and roaming into one.

▼入口大厅透视图：斑驳的光影在室内流转，Perspective of the entrance hall: mottled light and shadow circulate in the interior ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼围绕序厅的休闲空间，Leisure space around the preface hall©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼展厅之间的空中庭院，Sky courtyard between exhibition halls ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

博物馆参观流线的起点从南侧水面位置开始，金色序厅会吸引参观者从水面步入馆内，由此进入光影变幻的大厅，在公共大厅中通过空间形态的引导，转而进入金色的序厅，屏息静气，沉浸于历史的长河，升华观展的精神体验，由此开始参观之旅。

位于建筑中轴线的廊道会引导参观者进入斑驳的历史长廊，从“古城古国”展厅开始，经由古蜀生产与艺术生活陈列区，了解文化与工艺技术成就，后由祭祀展厅至文物重器专厅，探寻千年前先民的生活轨迹。

▼参观流线分析，Visit streamline analysis ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

The lake on the south of the museum is the starting point of the tour route, visitors walk into the museum from the water surface, and entering the exhibition halls where lights and shades are in constant changes, makes visitors fell the harmony between heaven and earth in the public hall room. Following by the golden preface halls, visitors will be immersing in the breathtaking long river of history, expressing the visiting experience, and this will be the start of the tour. Then enter the colorful historical legacies at different halls connected by a corridor, The first stop is the exhibition hall of “Ancient City, Ancient Kingdom.” Visitors can learn about the achievements in culture and craftsmanship at the exhibition section, displaying the productive and artistic life in ancient Sichuan. There are also an exhibition hall of honoring ancestors and a special hall for showcasing treasured cultural relics, you can explore the life of ancestors living thousands of years ago.

▼序厅播放影片，环形的细缝带来阳光的轮转，The video is played in the preface hall, and the circular slit brings the rotation of sunlight ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼历史长廊入口：形成眼睛的形态，Entrance to the historical promenade: forming the shape of the eye ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

青铜面具展厅，Bronze mask exhibition hall ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

由文物重器专厅出来，沿着金权杖幻化的公共廊道向前走，最西端是一个筒形中庭。以金色楼梯作为交通空间，引导参观者拾级而上至二层。蜿蜒的空中廊道，连接了二层展厅与公共空间，连廊为参观者提供了独特的视角，可从平台俯瞰铜神树，如同穿越到了数千年前的祭祀现场，也可透过穿插在展厅间的空中庭院，眺望鸭子河，视线可由此延伸至整个园区。良好的视线可达性可以让观者具有良好的方向感，同时增加空间的层次和趣味性。在设计中我们赋予公共空间交流，互动，休憩，购物，引导流线等多重功能属性，给与参观者丰富的体验。

Come out from the special exhibit hall of cultural relics, walk along the corridor which the golden cane is transformed into pillars. the west end of the corridor is a barrel-shaped atrium. The golden staircase which leads visitors to the second floor. The winding air corridor connects the exhibition halls on the second floor and the public space. The corridor provides visitors with a special perspective, overlooking the Qingtongshenshu from the platform, they may feel as if they have traveled through time to a sacrificial site thousands of years ago; At the air courtyards interspersed among the exhibition halls, they can look into the distance to the Duck River, and expand the view to the whole museum park. We give multi-functions to the public space, where visitors can communicate, interact, rest, shop and be guided to other areas. This brand-new design can provide the visitors with great experience.

青铜神树展厅，Qingtongshenshuexhibition hall©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼二层环廊，Second floor corridor ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

在流线的终点，参观者可以不出屋面就踏上金面罩幻化成的金色祭坛，远眺遗址，与三星堆先民们一同面朝北斗，仰望苍穹，和宇宙对话。整体流线将室内外的多个空间有序组织，并与园区流线交融共享，并在多个流线节点处实现一定的节奏变化，整体具有很强的趣味性、纪念性、时间性，使得博物馆不再是一个孤立的建筑，而是成为城市空间的一部分。

At the end of the tour route, the image of the gold mask becomes the golden altar of the building which visitors can step on without leaving the roof, overlooking the ruins of Sanxingdui, they can look up at the northern sky and count the stars just like the ancestors of Sanxingdui, communicate with the universe. Following the research progress of archaeological experts, visitors wander in the river of mystery history, exploring the origin of history, looking forward to the future, and seeking for the ultimate answers.

▼扭转的展厅体量挤压出神秘的参观路线，The twisted exhibition hall volumes squeeze out a mysterious visiting route ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

历史长河由斜向的展厅体量压迫而成，展厅外墙面采用自创的青铜器金器糅合的质感挂板，室内由天窗采光，呈现神秘的古蜀国沉浸式体验。三星堆的金面罩作为古蜀国光辉的象征，转译为建筑两端的精神空间。入口处的建筑形象同水岸倒影，一同构成三星堆文化的青铜之眼，金色大厅贯穿两层，糅合无障碍坡道和序厅功能，自然光线从屋顶洒下，随着一日中时间变化而在墙面上流转，将古蜀先民对太阳的崇拜具化在建筑中。近端的金色空间是一层参观的终点，通过坡道到达二层，逐渐从沉重的历史氛围中走向光明，走出历史，面向未来，自由穿越于历史和现代之间。

The historical river corridor is formed and compressed by the oblique exhibition hall. The exterior wall of the exhibition hall adopts the self-innovated bronze-gold mixed texture hanging panels, and the interior is lit by skylights, presenting the immersive experience of the mysterious ancient Gushu kingdom. The golden mask of Sanxingdui, as a symbol of the glory of the ancient kingdom, is translated into the spiritual space at both ends of the building. The golden hall at the entrance runs through the two floors and combines the functions of barrier-free ramps and preface halls. Embodies the worship of the Gushu ancestors to the sun, natural light spills from the roof and flows on the wall as the time of the day changes. The nearside golden space is the end of the visit on the first floor, it reaches the second floor through the ramp, gradually moving from the heavy historical atmosphere to the light, stepping out of history, towards the future, and roaming between history and modernity.

▼空中廊道，Air corridor ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

▼展廊看向尽端的精神空间，View from the gallery to the spiritual space at the end ©BIAD 建筑与文化遗产院

三星堆文化具有独特的抽象性和符号性，我们也将其融入到新馆的建筑语言当中，从材质到形态，其符号语汇的深层结构，暗含了三星堆地域的自然属性和社会文化，通过建筑造型手法，将三星堆璀璨的历史文化以现代的空间和材料呈现在世人面前，也因此具有高辨识度和身份象征，更容易被人们接受。而建筑的体型是简练的、融入环境的。我们选择了三星堆出土的古蜀国重器——玉璋，作为整体造型的抽象化表达。玉璋是古蜀人重要的祭祀礼器，古人以璋祭天地，今人以璋为形，表达建筑天人合一的设计理念。

The Sanxingdui culture has its unique abstractness and symbolism, we believe that the new exhibition hall should also have its abstractness yet easy-to-understand. Through the architectural expression of the modern spaces concept and utilize modern materials, we want to bring the brilliant historical culture of Sanxingdui to the world, and the shape of the building is Succinct and integrated into the surroundings. As an abstract expression of the overall shape, we chose the shape of Yuzhang, an ancient Shu Kingdom artifact unearthed in Sanxingdui. Yuzhang is an important sacrificial ritual tool used by people of ancient Shu. The ancients use it to consecrate to gods while we apply it to architectural design expressing harmony between nature and human.

由祭祀坑中玉璋的碎片发生联想，随着一个个文物的破土而出，博物馆的展厅随着地形生长出来，组合成为带有三星堆青铜器线条感的展厅群体。展厅缝隙中层叠的树木，又使建筑融于自然的场地环境。展厅体量由低而高，最终的入口体量跃于水面之上，与新建的游客中心形成对话，成为通向未来的桥梁。提取三星堆文物上灵动有张力的曲线和抽象的符号，运用堆叠、整合，转化的手法制作出现代复合的建筑表皮。以文物上金与铜的肌理，经过转译保留特质，进而形成公共空间轮廓的表皮材料，像神秘的面纱覆盖于建筑之上，这些材料与形式唤起了特定地域的场所记忆，一同构成了建筑的人文特质。三星堆文化将以全新的方式覆盖于博物馆的空间布局、形态处理、材料运用和工艺传承上，古老的文化将以新的形式拥有新的生命。

Association of ideas come from the Yuzhang in the sacrificial pit, as many cultural relics rising abruptly out of the ground, the museum’s exhibition halls grow out along with the terrain and combine into a group of exhibition halls with a sense of Sanxingdui bronze ware. The layers of plants grow in the gaps between the exhibition halls make the building part of the nature. The size of the exhibition halls arranges from low to high, and the entrance at the end go up out of water, forming a correspondence with the newly built visitor center and serving as bridges connecting to the future.The lively and expressiveness curves and abstractness -+3.06symbols we draw from the cultural relics, are gathered, rearranged and transformed into the patterns of the wall surface. By imitating the texture of gold and bronze of cultural relics, and translate to retain the characteristics, it is forming the surface material of the space outline like covering by a mysterious veil. Through this way, we endow the modern material of the wall with a sense of vicissitudes while expressing respect to our ancestors. The Sanxingdui culture will be reflected on the walls and ceiling of the museum in a brand-new way, then the ancient culture gains new life.

Trees grow in the cracks of the roof, make the museum blend into the whole of the Sanxingdui National Archaeological Park and its surrounding nature. From modern city to history, building volume from rising to falling, from urbanization to naturalization, Sanxingdui museum pay greatest tribute to the current environment of the museum area, while demonstrating determination for the future.

新馆致力于建设成为世界一流遗址博物馆，集中展示辉煌灿烂的三星堆文明，充分展现三星堆文明在中国乃至世界文明发展史中的独特魅力和重要地位。新馆整合了数千年的文化积淀，以新的姿态统领整个博物馆园区，通过流畅的流线，带动整个遗址公园和周边区域，让三星堆成为中国西南地区耀眼的行程目的地。博物馆是存贮历史和文化的容器，是高度浓缩的时间和空间。希望新馆作为三星堆文明的新篇章，伴随古老遗存将走向未来。虽然项目最终没有中标，但借此机会能将我们对三星堆文化的解读与致敬通过建筑设计呈现出来，已是莫大荣幸。

The new building of Sanxingdui Museum is committed to becoming a world-class heritage museum, focusing on displaying the splendid Sanxingdui civilization, fully demonstrating the unique charm and important position of Sanxingdui civilization in the human history of China and the world. The new museum, which displays cultural relics dating back thousands of years, leading the entire museum park with a new attitude, driving the entire heritage park and surrounding areas through smooth flow lines, making Sanxingdui a famous point of interest destination in southwestern China. Museum is a container of history and culture, showing a highly concentrated time and space. As a new chapter of the Sanxingdui Culture, the new museum exhibition hall will bring the museum park step into the future with these rich historical relics. Although this project did not win the bid in the end, it is a great honor to take this opportunity to present our interpretation and tribute to Sanxingdui culture through architectural design.

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