以老港口为起点，穿过King René塔（tower of King René）旁的大门，人们便进入了Fort Saint Jean防御工事景区；再穿过一道厚厚的墙体，一个隐藏在石质高墙下的封闭世界猝不及防地撞入游客的眼帘。在蓝天下，这个建在小岛上的景区邀请着人们入内一探究竟。

▼Fort Saint Jean防御工事景区总览，overall bird-eye’s view of theFort Saint Jean

After starting from the Old Port, entering Fort Saint Jean through the door next to the tower of King René and crossing the thick wall, the visitor finally discovers a closed universe of high stone walls revealing the strong mineral aspect of the place under the bright roof of the sky.

▼景区总平面图，master plan of the project

1. 种植着橘子树的入口庭院 | The Orange Grove

种植着橘子树的入口庭院不仅将场地上以前一高一低的两个院子保留并统一了起来，更突出了防御工事景区主入口处周边的景观和空间序列。同时，它也强调了本项目的设计意图：将水下大楼和防御工事景区的入口与岛上的教堂联系起来，从而将通向山顶炮台的神秘路径展现在游客的眼前。庭院采用由碎骨料打造而成的地面。地面采用混凝土铺面，在设计时充分考虑了无障碍的要求。院子的周围设置着由鹅卵石铺就而成的碎石子步道，在材料的层面上增强了一高一低两个院子的统一性。茂密的橘子树被排成两排，每排五棵，像值班的哨兵一样位列在庭院的侧边，不仅能够吸引游客们的目光，更起到了引导路线的作用。这个种植着橘子树的庭院不仅是进入地中海核心地带的入口，更是堡垒花园发现之旅的起点。庭院南侧的围墙镂空，不仅实现了庭院内外空间之间的视觉联系，更增强了整个防御工事景区内外环境之间的张力。

Unifying the former lower and higher yards and yet preserving the two parts, the orange grove highlights the surroundings and the staging of these spaces when entering the fort. The project stresses the will to connect the DRASSM building, the entrance to the chapel and to reveal the mysterious access leading uphill to the cannons.A concrete pavement made of rolled or crushed aggregate constitutes the common thread of the path accessible to everybody. On each side you can see large stone paths made of split pebbles that enhance the physical unity of the two yards. Posted like sentinels on duty on each side, two rows of five luxurious orange trees in terracotta pots attract the eye and guide the visitor’s steps.The orange tree yard is an entrance into the heart of the Mediterranean, into a privileged space to start the discovery of the Fort and walk around the “garden of migrations”.The south surrounding wall is composed of sealed loopholes that we suggest could be reopened so as to be visible from inside the courtyard, to accentuate the tension between the inside and outside of the Fort.

▼Fort Saint Jean防御工事景区鸟瞰图，bird-eye’s view of theFort Saint Jean

在通向顶部炮台的步道旁，原有的建筑结构被改建为了一个观赏池塘，从而加强了庭院与地中海环境和文化之间的联系。此外，设计团队还在庭院附近设置了一个龙舌兰花园，营造出一种温暖的氛围，不仅与池塘和池塘中水柱的凉爽感形成了鲜明的对比，更突显了岛上军人生活空间的地貌特征。

Next to the lane leading uphill to the cannons, the existing structure is restructured as an ornamental lake to magnify the Mediterranean culture of water in connection with the orange grove. Nearby, a garden of agave flowerbeds exacerbates the contrast with the coolness of the pond and its jets of water and highlights the vision of the geological facies supporting the perched gallery of officers.

▼入口庭院中的观赏池塘，加强了庭院与地中海环境和文化之间的联系，the ornamental lake in the Orange Grove, magnifying the Mediterranean culture of water in connection with the orange grove

2. 通向炮台的斜坡小路 | The Cannon Slope

对于那些不想通过电梯来体验这座小岛、或者是已经进入了橘子树入口庭院的人来说，这条通向炮台的斜坡小路无疑是他们继续岛上探索之旅的最佳选择。置身于这个巨大的垂直拱形走廊空间中，抓紧扶手，沿着长长的楼梯向上爬，游客们时而穿过一道道厚实的墙体，时而看到一些历史遗留下来的痕迹，从而可以更加深入地感受这个曾经作为防御工事的小岛。这个具有上述神奇空间序列的走廊空间具有柔和的光环境，这种光环境不仅创造出一种迷人的明暗对比，更让游客们能够在一种安全的照明环境下走向小岛高处的阅兵场。

3. DRASSM大楼 | The DRASSM Building

得益于其独特的建筑风格和与生俱来的暂时性，自古以来水下建筑就在防御工事中占据着特殊的地位。在本项目中，设计团队将这类水下建筑建在了指挥官官邸的地基基础上。最后，这座DRASSM大楼不仅能够通过斜坡步道与防御工事景区入口处的庭院相连，更具有了很强的可见性：无论是从高处还是从低处看，它都是防御工事景区的一个不可忽视的元素。

DRASSM大楼的首层作为一个迎宾场所，容纳着一系列公共空间如卫生间和售票处等。大楼南侧外墙末端处设置着一个电梯，以便于行动不便的游客们直接到达建筑的露台。同时，考虑到无障碍设计，大楼中人行坡道的最大坡度为4%。此外，为了避免绿植对墙面造成不利影响，同时将电梯设备隐藏起来，设计团队沿着墙面摆放一系列混凝土制成的构件。这个建筑表皮就像木格栅一样具有渗透性，阳光透过其极具生命力的纹理，不仅在空间内投射下迷人的光影效果，更通过这种光影效果增强了整个空间的统一性。在顶部露台空间上，渔网状的屋顶为人们提供了必要的遮阴空间。

▼DRASSM大楼的屋顶空间，沿着墙面摆放一系列混凝土制成的构件，roof of theDRASSM building,covering the gable with a vertically arranged concrete fishnet texture

Thanks to its style and temporality of distinct construction, the DRASSM building holds a special place in the history of the Fort architecture. For its implantation on the visible foundations of the palace of the commander, it interconnects with the two parts of the orange grove. It is a remarkable element of the Fort’s lower gate that can be seen both from higher and lower viewpoints. The ground floor of the DRASSM building is dedicated to the welcoming of the public (toilets, ticket office …). A vertical link via an elevator placed on the south gable end of the building will allow groups and people with reduced mobility (PRM) to reach directly the building’s terrace on their way to the upper part of the Fort. The comfortable journey on an access ramp (with a 4% maximum slope) accessible to PMRs makes it possible to easily connect the other side of the Fort, with access to the DRASSM and its equipment and to the entrance of the chapel. By avoiding any improper and ill-suited decorative mannerism of a plant wall, our proposal of covering the gable with a vertically arranged concrete fishnet texture allows to wrap today’s façade of the DRASSM as well as the elevator equipment. The materiality and permeability of this “skin” with the vegetal pattern and the evocation of a Moucharabie (wooden lattice) make light of the link with the strong minerality of the place and the interplay between light and shadow that unite the site. This same vocabulary of fishnet is used as a shade structure covering the entire terrace of the DRASSM where visitors arrive.

DRASSM大楼的屋顶空间，在顶部露台空间上，渔网状的屋顶为人们提供了必要的遮阴空间，roof of theDRASSM building, thefishnet cover is used as a shade structure covering the entire terrace of the DRASSM where visitors arrive

4.光影画廊（DRASSM水下大楼的屋顶空间）| The Shadow Gallery (Roof of the DRASSM)这个露天的屋顶画廊采用赤土色的地板，不仅是进入前指挥官花园——“默特尔庭院（myrtle yard）”前的最后一个前厅式空间，更可以作为一个室外的展览空间，展出Mucem的部分藏品。

Under this floating carpet of material that prints its light graphic design on the terracotta floor, this “gallery of shadows” is a final antechamber in the open air before entering the “myrtle yard” (former garden of the commander). This space could be used for example as an outdoor exhibition gallery for some works of the Mucem.

▼DRASSM大楼屋顶的光影画廊，可作为一个室外的展览空间，the shadow gallery (roof of theDRASSM) that canbe used for example as an outdoor exhibition gallery

设计团队对DRASSM大楼所进行的所有设计构想可概括为以下几点：– 对南侧的山墙进行适当的装饰，并用一个遮阳的结构覆盖露台空间；

– 拆除会影响高处庭院可达性的原有大型坡道，通过“种植着橘子树的庭院”重新在高低两个院子之间建立联系，使其不仅可以接待游客，更可以作为展览空间；

– 拆除将露台和默特尔庭院分隔开来的北侧墙体，创造出一种开放式的空间布局，从而在实体空间和视觉两方面上将光影画廊与未来的默特尔庭院联系起来；

– 尽可能地对原粉色混凝土外墙进行改造；

– 在保证技术可行性的基础上，将屋顶露台改造为花园：采用“黄金花园”的主题，在其中种植一系列耐旱的景天属植物、具有冬眠期的鳞茎类植物和藏红花等。

To summarize the proposals of work on the DRASSM building, about which we would like to start a dialogue with the contracting authority, are the following:– Decorating the South gable and covering the terrace with a shading structure;

– Removing the large access ramp that interferes with the legibility of the higher Courtyard then the “Orange Grove” can reunite through a different perspective the two levels of yards so as to make these spaces available and accessible to receiving visitors and exhibitions;

– Demolishing of the end of the Northern construction separating the terrace and commander’s garden : this open arrangement would allow to connect physically and visually the “shadow gallery” and the future” myrtle yard”;

– Possibility of changing the pink colour of the concrete facades;

– Turning the roof terraces into gardens if that is technically feasible: this “garden of gold” theme related to the garden of migrations is a dry garden of sedum completed with a collection of bulbs with winter rest and saffron.

▼DRASSM大楼屋顶的光影画廊，采用赤土色的地板，the shadow gallery (roof of theDRASSM) withterracotta floor

5.指挥官花园（默特尔庭院）|TheGovernor’sGardenorMyrtleGarden

默特尔庭院位于光影画廊的出口附近，地理位置绝佳，游客们可以在此俯瞰种植着橘子树的入口庭院。庭院面积不大，设计团队在里面种上了桃金娘科植物。这一设计其实非常巧妙，因为当人们在心中默念着桃金娘这个名字的时候，脑海中就会不禁地浮现出格拉纳达（Granada）的阿尔罕布拉宫（Alhambra）。花园的一侧铺设着石灰石路面，一个小型的楼梯直接将西墙边的步道与通向载人电梯的小路连接了起来，以便于行动不便的游客去往下层空间的指挥官画廊。花园的另一侧整齐地排列着繁茂的桃金娘科植物和石榴树，在视觉上强调了花园绝佳的地理位置：它就像是一个阳台，不仅静静地悬浮在庭院、广场高塔、背景中的教堂和Ailantes花园的上空，更提供了城市和港口的局部景观。

6. 指挥官画廊 | The Officers’ Gallery

设计团队在高处的指挥官画廊和低处的指挥官画廊之间安装了一部电梯，不仅为行动不便的人士提供了便利，更能让人们更好地欣赏画廊中的展品。

An elevator has been installed in two cells of the Officers’ Gallery on the higher and lower level. It offers a large range of possibilities of access, use and paths to PRMs and facilitates the quality of discovery and presentation of the collections of the Mucem, since it connects these two levels of activities.

7. 西墙步道 | The Western Wall Walk

西墙步道从指挥官画廊和默特尔庭院的交汇点开始，一路向北延伸，经过信标塔所在的圆形露台，最后来到阅兵场的中央地带。同样地，这条步道也具有绝佳的地理位置，它不仅朝向大海，为游客们提供了一览无余的海景，更面对着法罗宫（Faro palace）、俯瞰着Louis Brauquier长廊。当然，步道在设计上也考虑到了无障碍的可能性，但它较为狭窄，出于对安全的考虑只能单向通行，以避免在使用过程中可能会发生的不必要冲突。

After leaving the meeting point between the officers’ gallery and the myrtle garden, the western wall walk moves Northwards to reach the circular terrace of the Beacon Tower and then gets near the central Parade ground. All along this path open to sea spray, facing the Palais du Faro (Faro palace) and overlooking the Louis Brauquier promenade, the narrowness of the passage, whose access to PRMs could be allowed, probably requires to be turned into a one-way path on this portion in order to avoid any conflict of use. Halfway along this route, where the path is making a bend, it is possible to have direct access to the Parade ground using the shortcut of a covered walkway whose project will considerably reduce the length and therefore the constraints.

8. d’Armes广场 | The Place d’Armes

d’Armes广场又名阅兵场，位于小岛的顶部，是整个防御工事景区的核心空间。它充满了生机和活力，作为举行会议和活动的场所，对公众开放。在本项目中，设计团队希望能够通过简化布局来扩大空间的使用面积，从而让游客们能够更好地了解防御工事景区的整体结构。因此，他们重新设计了广场北部的空间：平台以成角的形式向外突出，俯瞰着海面；步道系统在加入无障碍设计的同时，也提高了自身的连续性，将信标塔与d’Armes广场联系了起来。广场的花园中种植着各种科属的草本植物，当南风袭来的时候，植物会随风飘摇。这个广场可以说是一个真正意义上的观景平台，置身于此，人们不仅可以欣赏到远处和近处的自然景观，还能看到码头上的熙熙攘攘，更能看到横跨在港口之上的人行天桥。d’Armes广场向北延伸，观景平台以成角的形式向外突出，俯瞰着海面；向西延伸到信标塔和Horseman港口；向东延伸到退台式休息空间。在广场空间的基础上，设计团队对西侧的Georges Henri Rivière大楼的布局进行了适当的调整，在其中设置了接待处、咖啡厅、展览研讨空间等，以突出其战略地位。此外，设计团队还对d’Armes广场的高差进行了一定的处理，以期减少不必要事故的发生概率，同时也能减少建筑物之间的楼梯和地形坡道。例如，Mucem人行天桥入口处和Georges Henri Rivière大楼入口处之间的高差就经过了一定的调整：平坦的地面不仅能够增强各空间的可达性，同时还能确保广场与待建的St Laurent人行天桥之间的和谐关系。

▼d’Armes广场、退台式休息空间和山地花园总览，overview of the Placed’Armes, terraces of the Fort and the Hill Gardens

In the upper part of the Fort, the Place d’Armes (Parade Ground) is the vibrant heart of the Fort which is the place for meetings and events that are open to many audiences. The project aims at enlarging the larger area by simplifying the reading of space for a better understanding of the Fort’s structures. Thus to the North, the Place d’Armes (Parade Ground) sticks out to redesign the earth platform in the geometry of the tip of the sea and at the same time recreate the continuity of the rampart walk which is used as a gentle ramp for PRMs and that will help to connect the terrace from the Tour de Fanal (Beacon Tower) to the Place d’Armes (Parade Ground). Under the influence of the Mistral (southern wind) the garden hosts the wind garden, planted with different types of grass. It is a real viewpoint indicator with two directions making it possible to visually touch the near and distant landscape, the hustle and bustle of the port, the Mucem and the dramatic end of the footbridge stepping over the harbour basin to cling to the Fort. The extended limits of the Place d’Armes come to ensconce themselves to the North onto the new geometry of the platform of the tip of the sea, to the West onto the work of the Fort connecting the beacon Tower and the Horseman of the harbour, to the East onto the “terraces of the Fort” that host the Mucem footbridge to the South or the northern facade of the G building and on the northern wall of the Horseman of the harbour. Thus, the layout of the G building on the Place d’Armes is magnified to accentuate its strategic role: reception desk, coffee shop, exhibition seminars, etc. The general altimetry of Place d’Armes is enhanced to reduce accidents and limit stairs and topographic ramps between structures. For example, between the arrival height of the Mucem footbridge and the entrance thresholds in Georges Henri Rivière building (GHR): the flatness of the square allows easy access to the entire surface while ensuring comfort of use with adjoining spaces and preserving the future relationship with the St Laurent footbridge. Taking up the spirit of the materials discovered in the field, the surface of the square is a rustic assembly of limestone slabs whose pattern is designed at random.

d’Armes广场夜景，night view of the Placed’Armes

在咖啡馆露台和Georges Henri Rivière大楼的后方设置着一个地中海式的菜园。这个方形的菜园沿着防御工事景区的西墙布置，向北一直延伸到信标塔附近。菜园内种植着各种当地或外来的蔬菜，这些蔬菜按照颜色的顺序排列，无论是在冬季还是在夏季，都在向人们展示着地中海特有的植物文化。

Near the cafe restoration terrace and at the back of the GHR building, the Mediterranean vegetable garden, leaning on the western wall of the Fort and extending by squares at the foot of the Beacon Tower, is staged in a row of colours that tells the saga of Mediterranean vegetables whether winter or summer, native or exotic ones.

▼地中海式的菜园，沿着防御工事景区的西墙布置，向北一直延伸到信标塔附近，theMediterranean vegetable gardenthat leans on the western wall of the Fort and extends by squares at the foot of the Beacon Tower

▼地中海式的菜园细节，details of the Mediterranean vegetable garden

9.退台式休息空间|TheTerracesoftheFort

退台式休息空间位于d’Armes广场的东侧，坐落在GeorgesHenriRivière大楼的对面，与GeorgesHenriRivière大楼同长，并在与Mucem人行天桥交汇处向北转折。木制座椅可以提高户外生活的舒适度。这处休息空间自带高差，通过一系列大小不一的石阶和坡度为4%的之字形石质坡道来实现彼此之间的联系。坡道系统从d’Armes广场的南侧开始，一部分延伸到东北侧的人行天桥处，另一部分则通向东侧的山地花园。

▼退台式休息空间，通过一系列大小不一的石阶和坡度为4%的之字形石质坡道来实现彼此之间的联系，theterracesoftheFortthatisavocabularyofsmallandlargestonestepsadjustedintolandingsconnectinga4%rampinazigzag

The terraces of the fort are located along their entire length at the main facade of the GHR building and delimit the eastern side of the Place d’Armes before turning north on the threshing floor, after receiving the Mucem footbridge.Wooden seats can reinforce the comfort of outdoor use. The terraces of the Fort shape the difference in height that joins the eastern part of the Fort by a vocabulary of small and large stone steps adjusted onto the landings connecting a 4% ramp in a zig zag. The ramp climbs up from place d’Armes to reach the footbridge or slide higher into the thickness of dry-stone terraces that support the gardens of the hill.

▼退台式休息空间，设置木制的座椅区，the terraces of the Fort with wooden seats

这个退台式的休息空间作为一个绿色的剧院式公共空间，在广场上创造了一个宽敞的公共休息场所，为人们提供了一个举办与文化相关的文化表演和活动的地点。休息空间的最南端是一片由橡树组成的小树林。这片树林不仅创造出一个阴凉空间，更让人联想起地中海的森林。

The terraces, a sort of green foliage theatre, constitute a major asset of the Fort by offering a generous space for the reception of the public or the organization of shows and cultural events in connection with the Mucem or the life of the city. To their southern end, the terraces are in the shade of the plant cover created by the grove of green oaks, evocative of the Mediterranean forest.

▼退台式的休息空间南端由橡树组成的小树林，thegrove of green oaks to the southern end of the terraces

10.脱粒地板区|TheThreshingFloor

脱粒地板区位于退台式休息空间北侧的广场上，是一个由鹅卵石铺就而成的长方形区域，具有较高的可见性，即使是站在天桥上也能看到。该区域内的大部分空间并没有种植任何植被，可以与退台式休息空间相结合，共同组成一个舞台式空间。

11.山地花园|TheHillGardens

山地花园位于退台式休息空间的顶部，为游客们提供了一个舒适的漫步空间。花园里充满了自然的气息，行走在其中蜿蜒曲折的开放小径上，不仅能闻到花香、看到树影，还能回想起林牧结合的传统生活方式。树荫下设置着一个面积很小的野餐区，以便游客们享受悠闲的时光。此外，茂密的植被也可以避免游客的大量涌入，从而在一定程度上保护了生态环境。如有必要，人们甚至还可以在茂密的植被空间内部设置隐秘的保护装置，以确保环境免受破坏。

At the top of the terraces the hill gardens are a space of freedom for the stroller. The landscape atmosphere which looks more nature-like evokes the great agro-sylva-pastoral tradition. The open path moves forward in the middle of the scented garrigue, and further on, olive and almond trees sitting on the stone terraces, come curling up to the embankment of the Saint Laurent horseman. A picnic area, with unlikely limits can be detected under the silver canopy of trees. Thanks to the thickness of the garrigue vegetation, areas with limited access to the public can be protected. A specific protection device can be hidden inside the vegetation if necessary.

▼山地花园，the hill gardens

12. 地中海民族植物学之旅空间 | The Ethnobotanical Journey of Emblematic Plants of the Mediterranean

地中海民族植物学之旅空间将其花园空间延伸到了路堤的斜坡上。这个斜坡与d’Armes广场西侧人行步道的直线距离超过200米，享有马赛市及其地标性建筑（如大教堂主楼和圣罗兰教堂等）的绝佳景观视野。花园中种植着一系列穆斯林和犹太基督教文化中常见的传统植被，这些植被如同壁画一样，为游客们提供了一个近距离接触和体会地中海民族文化的机会。

The ethnobotanical journey of the emblematic plants of the Mediterranean unfolds its garden on the slope of the embankment which accompanies the Western walkway over more than two hundred linear meters, with exceptional view points on Marseille and its urban landmarks (cathedral Major, Saint Laurent church …). Two-sided views on the traditional use of plants in Muslim and Judeo-Christian cultures displayed at hand level to be touched and smelt, the great historical fresco to be seen on the wide flower bed of the garden is told by plants.

13. 圣约翰时代花园 | The Herb Garden of Saint John ‘s Day

圣约翰时代花园位于通向防御工事景区下半部分区域的楼梯的制高点上，具有幽静而独特的空间氛围。在这个花园中，游客们可以欣赏到圣约翰时代里各种充满魔力的植被。

We are now at the top of the remarkable staircase opening to the Lower Bastion. A small staircase allows the same place to reach the southern end of the wall walk of the Horseman of the city. On this path set back in a quiet place reigns a special atmosphere. This is where we can find the garden of herbs of Saint John’s day, favourable for magic.

14. 警卫室 | The Higher Level / Landing of the Guardhouse

通过警卫室的上层空间，游客们可以来到位于F大楼二层的展览空间。展览空间中所展出的视觉艺术和声音艺术都能唤起人们对马赛市和地中海植被和工业的记忆。

The higher level of the guardhouse enables people to join the exhibitions located at G +1 of the F building.

These visual and sound exhibitions will evoke the memory of plants and industries of Marseille and the Mediterranean. Thus the story of the trade of spices, coffee, oils and soaps, aniseed-flavoured goods, cotton and dyestuffs … will be told in the heart of the garden.

15. 艾兰图斯花园 | The Ailanthus Garden

艾兰图斯花园位于警卫室后方小路的上方。设计团队刻意在花园中营造出一种封闭的感觉，以表达出一种“物种入侵”的效果，置身于其中，人们会不禁想起数百年来的各种材料交易，如纺织品、丝绸、棉花以及植物燃料等。

Then behind, slightly up above the path, the garden of suckering ailanthus is deliberately bounded by the island to exacerbate its invasive role. It is an opportunity to remember the great deal of textiles, hemp, silk and cotton, as well as vegetal dyes that were widely traded for centuries.

16. Canebière和Auffes花园 | The Garden of Canebière and Auffes

Canebière和Auffes花园位于防御工事景区下半部分空间的陆地上，享有绝佳的景观视野，置身于其中，游客们不仅可以看到防御工事景区中充满历史感的森林，还可以俯瞰马赛城市和Canebière大街的景观。此外，花园中的一条步道还将狭窄的楼梯与山顶露台连接在了一起。来到山顶露台，游客们不仅可以远眺欣赏到整个城市的绝妙景色，更可以回望欣赏整个Fort Saint Jean防御工事景区的全貌。

The garden of Canebière and Auffes is lying on the embankment of the lower bastion. Beyond the forest of the masts of the old Port just at eye level, the view of the garden opens up onto the city and the Canebière. With hemp and “auffe”, this is an opportunity to talk about the importance of ropemakers and esparto goods in a port such as Marseille. Access to the inside of King René Tower is provided to connect the narrow staircase to the summit terrace which offers a superb view of the entire geography of the city. It also allows you to look back on the massive extent of Fort Saint Jean.

▼项目细节，details of the project