巴西圣路易斯历史中心区振兴 | 城市干预激活公共空间_景观_设计案例作品

发布时间：2021-07-27 13:47:57 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

该项目通过城市层面的干预，成功激活了公共空间，提高了公共空间的质量，改善了与现存建筑遗产之间的联系，并激活了当地微型企业的市场。

Natureza Urbana事务所于近期完成了巴西圣路易斯市历史中心区的大规模振兴项目，目的是提高公共空间的质量、改善其与现存建筑遗产之间的联系并激活当地微型企业的市场。

The architectural firm Natureza Urbana has just completed an extensive urban revitalization at the historic center of São Luís – Maranhão, focused on qualifying public spaces, improving the interlocution with the existing heritage and boosting the local micro-entrepreneurs market.

马拉尼昂州首府历史城区的振兴计划由泛美开发银行（IDB）提供资金支持，包含了一系列改造和建造项目，其中有3个重要的改造项目由Natureza Urbana事务所率领完成，包括“慈悲广场”（Mercy Square）和“萨乌达德广场”（Saudade Square），以及位于Vitorino Freire大道巴士站附近的“主教喷泉”（Bishop’s Fountain）区域。

The projects were part of a program created to revitalize the historic city center of the state capital of Maranhão, financed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The firm led 3 important renovations: one at ‘Praça da Misericórdia’ (Mercy Square), other at ‘Praça da Saudade’ (Saudade Square) and another at Fonte do Bispo (Bishop’s Fountain), an area around a bus station on Vitorino Freire Avenue.

▼巴士站和主教喷泉区域，Bishop’s Fountain around the bus terminal © Meireles Junior

▼萨乌达德广场，Saudade Square © Meireles Junior

▼慈悲广场，Mercy Square © Meireles Junior

振兴的最初目的是解决巴士总站周围长达2公里的海岸线区域的安全问题，而事实也表明唯有进行城市层面的干预才有可能鼓励公众去使用这些空间。同样的问题也出现在城市的其他几个广场，这也推动了多项目联合改造的计划。2018年，在IDB的资助下，圣路易斯政府启动了由Natureza Urbana带领的3个城市干预项目。

项目团队通过研讨会等公众参与活动收集到了来自民众的愿景和建议。由社会服务人员组成的团队对当地的商贩进行了逐一登记，以保证他们的需求能够被充分地考虑到新的场所中，例如如何设计售货亭、货摊以及灵活的餐车等等。

The initial motivation for the revitalization were the security problems around the 2-kilometers shoreline that surrounds the bus terminal, indicating that only an urban intervention would be able to encourage the use of these spaces by the public. The same problem could be also found in other squares of the city, which inspired a joint transformation. In 2018, with financing from the IDB, São Luís city hall started the 3 interventions coordinated by Natureza Urbana.

In a participatory process, the population expressed its vision and participated sharing information and suggestions through workshops. Teams of social workers registered the peddlers in order to guarantee that all of them would be considered into the new spaces, either through kiosks, small stalls or adapted vehicles such as bike foods (ideal for street vendors).

▼改造前的三个场地，the three sites before revitalization © Meireles Junior

巴士总站周围区域的改造可使大约150人收益：项目带来了一个新的滑板公园、游乐场和用于体育和环境教学的区域，此外还设置了互动式的喷泉和许多售货亭。

Just around the Bus Terminal, more than 150 people benefited from the project, which brought the construction of a skateboard park, a playground and an area for sports and environmental education, as well as an interactive water fountain and many kiosks for the merchants.

▼巴士站和广场区鸟瞰，aerial view to the Bus Terminal and the square © Meireles Junior

▼互动喷泉和儿童游戏区，interactive water fountain and children’s area © Meireles Junior

▼景观细节，landscape detail © Meireles Junior

▼游戏区，game area © Meireles Junior

▼滑板公园和篮球场，skateboard park and basketball court © Meireles Junior

▼巴士站，bus terminal © Meireles Junior

▼鸟瞰，aerial view © Meireles Junior

萨乌达德广场从前只有零星的商贩，逐渐衰退的空间也限制了其作为集会和休闲场所的使用。该广场位于一片墓园旁边，这也是它之所以被称作“萨乌达德”的原因（Saudades是一种复杂的情感，近似于思念所爱之人时的情绪）。广场上可以看到许多售卖鲜花的简易摊位。

At ‘Praça da Saudade’, previously irregularly occupied by peddlers and deeply degraded, the use of the area as a meeting and leisure spot was limited. The place is located next to a cemetery, hence its name (Saudades means ‘to miss someone you love’), and was occupied by many improvised flower stalls.

▼萨乌达德广场鸟瞰，aerial view to the Saudade Square © Meireles Junior

Natureza Urbana设计团队提出的方案旨在以具有组织性和统一性的方式更好地利用既有的空地，同时对当地的一些设施，如食品摊、杂志摊和出租车站等进行整合。原先大面积的水泥地面被替换为草丘、砖砌露台看台和新的花店空间。这些花店如今扩大了规模，可以为更多墓园的访客提供服务。花店的屋顶由来自再造林的胶合木制成，与空间中的其他部分共同呈现出一种流动的美感——其设计灵感源自巴西Lençóis Maranhenses地区的沙丘形态。

Natureza Urbana proposed a project that provides unity, organization and a better use of the existing free area, in addition to enabling the integration of local equipment such as food stalls, magazines stalls and taxi stops. Previously characterized by a large cemented area and a lack of green, the square gained grass mounds to expand the vegetation, masonry bleachers and new space for florists, who now serve the cemetery visitors with more structure. The roofs are made of glued laminated wood from reforestation. Both the roofing elements and the rest of the space have a fluid aesthetic, in reference to the Lençóis Maranhenses’ sand dunes.

▼原先大面积的水泥地面被替换为草丘，the large cemented area has been replaced by grass mounds © Meireles Junior

▼售货亭和露天座位，retail pavilion and outdoor seating © Meireles Junior

▼凉亭夜景，shelter night view © Meireles Junior

“慈悲广场”是该市最古老的广场之一，位于人流密集的Santa Casa da Misericórdia医院前方。该广场保留了一些殖民时期的广场所具有的经典元素，例如中央雕塑和从雕塑延伸至草坪的小路等，但总体而言亟待进行保护和修复。

At ‘Praça da Misericórdia’, one of the oldests squares in the city placed in front of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia Hospital (where there is a great flow of people), other challenges were faced. Although the place retained some classic design traces of the colonial squares – such as the central sculpture from which trails radiate over the lawns –, the place demanded urgent conservation initiatives.

广场周围的墙壁被拆除，从而更加方便行人使用。设计团队提出更换户外家具，同时调整景观、更新铺地，在修复鹅卵石地面的同时创造无障碍的路径。此外，当地工人经营的商业空间也得到了标准化的改造。

The wall surrounding the perimeter was removed in order to make the area more accessible and pleasant for pedestrians. It was up to Natureza Urbana to propose the replacement of urban furniture, adapt the landscaping and update the paving, both revitalizing the cobblestone flooring and creating paths focused on accessibility. The standardization of commercial spaces where the local workers operate was also proposed.

振兴项目最终得到了成功落实，甚至刺激了广场对面一系列建筑的改造计划。它们作为业主自发的倡议，得到了与新改造项目相一致的改良和更新，同时也证明了城市干预对于社会转型所能起到的强大作用。

The revitalization was so successful that it motivated the requalification of the buildings facing the square. As an initiative of the owners, they received improvements and paintings aligned with the new local phase, proving the thesis that urban interventions are a powerful tool for social transformation.

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