时值捷克斯洛伐克共和国诞辰100周年，设计师决定借此机会，来向大众展示过去的100年中国家的记忆。因此，在本项目中，设计师选择了一系列影响和塑造了当今捷克国家面貌的历史时期和事件，并将个人主观的记忆融入设计概念。

The 100th anniversary of Czechoslovak Republic was used as an opportunity to look into the Memory of the Nation. We chose periods and events which had shaped the modern history of this nation. We work with subjective memories.

▼展览场地外观，exterior view of the exhibition space

鉴于当今社会对民主原则的不信任和对人权的尊重，设计师认为我们有必要时刻提醒自己，公民自由并不是理所当然的事。这也是为什么设计师决定将本展览的内容焦点放在1939年至1989年捷克斯洛伐克的总体情况和针对这一总体情况所发生的争论上。独裁者J. V. Stalin的前纪念馆正是举办这个展览的最佳地点。它象征着共产主义时期所存在的羞辱和奴役，并提醒人们时刻记得成千上万的人通过牺牲自己的生命所赢得的自由。不易到达的地下空间鲜为人知——这里是一个由混凝土柱子支撑的大厅空间，至今还收藏着一系列被拆毁的雕塑的石材。

Due to the contemporary disturbances of the principle of democracy and respect to human rights, we think it necessary to remind ourselves that the civil freedom is nothing that comes as a matter of course. This is the reason why we have decided to focus our exposition on the totality in Czechoslovakia in 1939 to 1989 and on the fight against this totality. The former monument of the dictator J. V. Stalin is a suitable venue for this. It symbolises humiliation and servitude at the time of communism and reminds us of freedom for which thousands of people had sacrificed their lives. The inaccessible underground space is less known – a concrete pillar hall which still houses stones from the demolished sculpture.

▼展览场地外观局部，展览位于独裁者J. V. Stalin的前纪念馆，partial exterior view of the exhibition space where is the former monument of the dictator J. V. Stalin

该展览由四部分组成，分别是：图像区、证词区、石柱区和展墙区等。设计师通过这四个区域，来向人们讲述来自国家记忆的故事。

The exposition consists of four parts: Images, Testimonies, Stelae, Wall. We present stories from the Memory of the Nation collection.

▼展览场地入口，the entrance of the exhibition space

在地下空间中，有两个相互呼应的区域，每个区域均由9个展览章节组成。图像区（从右侧入口进入）和证词区（从左侧入口进入）有着相似的主题，但却是两种不同的表现形式。在图像区中，设计师反复选择同一个历史场景，以此来唤起人们的情感。而在证词区，则展示了这些历史时期和事件的亲历者和见证者对其的描述。露天的石柱区位于一个较低的露台上，连接着图像区和证词区，提供着相关事件的历史数据。这三个区域共同讲述着历史的故事。展墙区则象征着世界的审查制度、对自由的限制以及暴力分裂等。

In the underground, you will find two zones of nine chapters. Both zones, however, are complementary. Images (the right entry) and Testimonies (left entry) treat similar topics but they use a different form. In Images we always choose one historical moment and let it work on the visitors. In Testimonies, witnesses speak about the period when these events happened. Open-air Stelae on the lower terrace connect Testimonies and Images and provide historical data on the events. In the park they tell the stories of witnesses. The Wall is a symbol of censorship, unfreedom and violent division of the world.

▼图像区线性观展空间的外观，the exterior view of the linear space of the exposition Images

2001年，一群记者和历史学家共同建立了一个名为Post Bellum的慈善信托基金。他们已经意识到了记录二战和共产主义的亲历者的记忆故事的重要性。他们将自己的收藏品命名为“国家记忆（Memory of the Nation）”，其中共有大约7000多个独特的记忆故事。

In 2001, a group of journalists and historians established a charitable trust named Post Bellum. They realised how important it was to record memories of people who had lived through WWII and communism. Their collection, called the Memory of the Nation, contains about seven thousands of unique stories.

▼穿过实板围合出的空间，从线性的观展空间看图像展览区，going through the space enclosed by panels and visiting the linear exposition Images

该展览由三个线性空间组成，每个空间都以特定的形式来组织，从而创造出不同的观察视角。其中两个空间拥有开阔的视野，另一个则希望将参观者的视线聚焦在面前的事物上。展览的证词区为参观者提供了一个单向的全景视野，在这里，可以观察到一个方向的所有事物。图像区则采用270°视角的空间形式，参观者只能看到部分事物。而展墙区则完全限制了参观者对周围空间的展望。所有的三个空间都通过抽象的形式来表达，此外，设计师还将其建筑结构隐藏了起来，以避免对展品造成干扰。这三个空间皆具有极端的空间尺度，给人一种痛苦和不适的感觉，让人不禁联想起集中营中的狭小空间和监狱中与外界隔绝的监禁室。

▼三个线性空间的形式和视线分析图，diagrams of the forms and the views of three linear objects

The exhibition is designed as a family of three linear objects, each deals with the view by specific form. Two of the objects allow the view, one blocks it. The object in the exposition Testimonies provides a panoramic view for a group of visitors looking in one direction. The object in the exposition Images sets a 270-degree visual angle to a limited number of selected visitors. Eventually, the object of the Wall prohibits the outlook to large crowd completely. All three objects are articulated as abstract bodies, their structures are hidden to avoid competition with the Monument. All of them work with extreme dimensions and feelings of distress and discomfort, evoking the minimal spaces of concentration camps and prison solitary confinement.

▼图像区展览空间，享有270°的观展视野，the exposition Images with a 270-degree visual angle

在本次展览的图像区内，设计师专注于瞬间的体验，而不是希望借此来给所有的参观者上一节所谓的历史课。因此，设计师选择使用视听动画装置的形式，在很大程度上依靠着想象力和象征意义来展现内容。此外，设计师还使用了3D全景映射技术和空间立体声。

▼图像区的空间组织形式和视线分析，diagram of the spatial form and the view of the exposition Images

In the exposition Images we focused on the experience of a moment, we are not providing a lesson of history. We chose the form of the audio-visual animated installation which uses, to a larger extent, imagination and symbolism. We use 3D videomapping and spatial sound.

▼图像区展览空间，the exposition Images

其中所展示的图片包括：1939年纳粹在瓦茨拉夫广场（Wenceslas Square）的集会、1940年不列颠之战（Battle of Britain）中飞机战斗的场景、1941年从Bubny火车站运送犹太人的场景、1942年在St Cyril and Methodius教堂地下室中发生的空挺部队战役（这也意味着位于布拉格的二战结束）、1968年发生在Bory共产主义监狱里的暴行以及在Vinohradská大道上发生的无线电战役，以及1989年11月在Letná平原举行示威游行期间所发生的秘密警察审讯事件等。

Images: The gathering of the Nazis in the Wenceslas Square, 1939, an aircraft fight in the Battle of Britain, 1940, the transport of Jews from the Bubny railway station, 1941, the fight of the paratroopers in the crypt of the St Cyril and Methodius Church, 1942, the end of WW2 in Prague, the brutality in the communist prison at Bory, the fight for the radio in the Vinohradská avenue, 1968, the Secret Police interrogation during normalisation, demonstrations at the Letná plain, November 1989.

▼图像区展览空间，the exposition Images

在展览的证词区中，国家记忆系列藏品向参观者讲述着当年事件的亲历者或见证者的回忆和故事。这样做的目的是为参观者提供一系列关于二十世纪所发生的事件的不同记忆故事、观点和愿景。在这里，参观者不仅将听到退伍军人、政治犯和不同政见者对当年事件的证词，也可以听到共产党人、秘密警察和告密者的看法。

▼证词区的空间组织形式和视线分析，diagram of the spatial form and the view of the exposition Testimonies

In the exposition Testimonies, witnesses from the Memory of the Nation collection speak, providing testimony on the time in which they lived or events they witnesses or took part in. The aim is to provide the visitors with various memories, opinions and perspectives on the events of the twentieth century. You will hear testimonies of war veterans, political prisoners and dissidents, as well as the perspectives of the communists, Secret Police officers and informers.

▼证词区展览空间，享有单侧的全景观展视野，the exposition Images with a panoramic view for a group of visitors looking in one direction

证词分为以下几个阶段：第二次世界大战——占领捷克斯洛伐克、当地和其他国家的抗争、大屠杀、布拉格起义以及战后时期。此外，还包括共产主义和20世纪50年代到来后的国家生活、1968年苏联军队入侵、国家正常化以及天鹅绒革命（Velvet Revolution）。

Testimony of witnesses: WWII – the occupation of Czechoslovakia, local and foreign resistance, holocaust, Prague Uprising, the post-war period. The arrival of communism and the 1950s, the invasion of Soviet troops in 1968, normalisation, the Velvet Revolution.

▼证词区局部，partial view of the exposition Testimony

▼总平面图，site plan

▼地下一层平面图，the underground floor plan

Collaborators Art director: Martin Hejl Script: Mikuláš Kroupa, Martin Hejl, Karel Poupě, Kateřina Hejlová Director: Martin Hejl, Viktor Portel, Karel Poupě Producer: Jan Polouček Graphic design: Petr Štěpán Construction: Jiří Bezouška Statics: Tereza Otcovská, Roman Kalamár AV producer: Alžběta Karásková, Karel Poupě Photographer: Salim Issa Used photos and videos: Archiv Paměť národa, ČTK a Lukáš Žentel Animators: Longiy, Petr Janák, Vojtěch Šálek, Vojtěch Pecka, Jan Nálepa, Michal Lažanský Editing: Tomáš Elšík, Viktor Portel, Matěj Pospíšil, Michal Špirko, Adam Martine Light design and programming: Jan Nálepa Post production: Petr Janák, Tomáš Elšík, Zdeněk Durdil Music and sound design: Johny Poupě Voice recording: Matouš Godík, Lukáš Turza AV installation, Mapping: Jakub Pešek, David Fernandez, Michal Průcha, Lukáš Dřevjaný