济南历城二中彩石校区 | 绿色低碳设计，融入自然的校园_餐饮空间_设计案例作品

发布时间：2022-12-04 03:56:00 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

充分考虑空间格局与土地利用，实现恰当的体量安排，以源头节能为优势，打造绿色低碳校园。

项目名称：济南历城二中彩石校区
设计单位：同圆设计集团股份有限公司
总用地面积：121740㎡
设计指导：刘元琦
设计主创：郭立强
项目负责人：王峰
结构专业：訾晓忠,李宪章,王金祥,邹景波,杨霄,杨潇,杨保先,李冠群,张兆基
暖通专业：宫晔,张余钢,戴帅,季英波,高帅
给排水专业：邵东岳,朱磊,宋爽

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济南历城二中彩石校区

同圆设计

缘起

成立于1958年的济南历城二中，在中国经济社会全面发展的滚滚浪潮中，作为中国教育文化的缩影，从一座典型的农村中学发展成为享誉国内的齐鲁名校，2020年初彩石校区启动规划设计工作，校区因选址于彩石虎山脚下，良好的自然生态环境与人文环境促发了我们思考如何营造一所能够融入自然的绿色低碳校园。

Origin. Established in 1958, Jinan Licheng No. 2 Middle School has grown from a typical rural middle school to a well-known Qilu school as the condensation of the educational culture amid China's economic and social progress. Planning on the Caishi campus began in early 2020. Because the campus is located at the foot of Hu Mountain, the good natural ecological environment and humanistic environment inspired us to consider designing a green and low-tech campus that can integrate into nature.

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▲体量生成

绿色低碳实施路径

因办学规模要求，校园业主确定了12万平米（60班）的建设体量，面对如此大的建设需求，针对绿色低碳设计的目标，我们梳理了实施路径的三个层次：首先要解决的是在空间格局和土地利用层面实现恰当的体量安排，最大程度的减少因布局不合理带来的建设和运维浪费；其次是针对寒冷地区建筑集约和弹性使用的可变原则，构建空间骨架；最后是针对具体空间节能的要求，适宜绿色技术的组合应用。

低碳策略是建筑师主导的空间节能的主要手段，是优先于设备设施节能前的总体谋划，具有源头节能的特征和优势，学校建筑的使用主要周期避开寒暑假（极寒极热时间段），大部分季节为春秋过渡季，空调电器等设备集中开启时间有限，所以低碳策略在校园的规划设计中显得尤为重要。

Pathway to low-tech implementation. The campus owner determined a building volume of 120,000 square meters according to school scale requirements (60 classes). Faced with such a high demand for construction, we devised three levels of implementation approaches towards the goal of green and low-tech design: The most crucial issue is to accomplish optimal volume arrangement at the level of spatial pattern and land usage and to reduce construction, operation, and maintenance waste caused by improper layout. The second is to develop a space skeleton based on the variable concept of intense and flexible building usage in cold regions. Finally, it is appropriate for the combined application of green technology by the requirements of specific space energy savings. The low-tech plan is the primary means of space energy saving driven by architects. It is a comprehensive strategy for energy conservation in equipment and facilities. It has the properties and benefits of energy conservation at the source. Because the primary cycle of school buildings is to avoid winter and summer vacations (freezing and extremely hot periods), most of the seasons are transitional seasons between spring and autumn, and the centralized opening time of air-conditioning appliances and other equipment is limited, the low-tech strategy is essential in the campus planning and design.

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格局与隐匿

当建筑师第一次踏勘场地，来到山的面前，在初始的认知中建筑应与自然建立一种和谐趋善感，用“隐、退、藏、让” 手法塑造建筑形式的自然感，呈现应有谦虚姿态。经过多轮比对方案，确定建筑规划格局充分结合场地，顺延等高线分台地组织建筑布局，将部分体量做成覆土，将建筑嵌入大地，减小外运土方。

建成后建筑水平延展卧在山脚，退让城市路角空间，留出城市观山廊道，极大地削弱自我存在感。建筑隐匿的格局处理是一种与环境充分融合的低碳策略，植根于大地，顺应场地的风热环境，院落尺度北侧厚重体量形成抵御寒风，南向面山打开形成通风廊道，半室外空间将山体引入校园，架空廊道平台也为师生创造了积极的户外活动空间。

Pattern and concealment. The building should establish a sense of harmony with nature in the early cognition when the architect examined the site for the first time and came to the front of the mountain, and utilized the technique of "cover, retreat, hide, and give way" to shape the natural sense of the architectural form, presenting a modest demeanor. Following multiple rounds of comparisons, it was determined that the architectural planning pattern fully integrated with the site, organized the building layout along the contour line and sub-platforms, incorporated a portion of the volume into the earth, embedded the building into the ground, and reduced the amount of earthwork transported abroad. After completion, the building expands horizontally and lies at the foot of the mountain, giving way to the city's corner area and allowing a corridor for seeing the mountain from within the city, drastically weakening the sensation of self-existence. The building's hidden layout is a low-carbon method that perfectly fits with the surroundings. It is rooted in the earth and adapts to the site's wind and heat conditions. The thick and heavy volume on the north side of the courtyard scale is formed to resist the cold wind, and it is opened to the south to form a ventilation corridor. The semi-outdoor space integrates the mountain into the campus, and the elevated corridor platform also creates an active outdoor activity space for teachers and students.

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适变与骨架

随着教育体制的深化改革，学校未来的功能组合愈发的复合灵活，在与校长的多次交流中，深深感受他作为一名优秀的教育工作者到对校园空间功能多义性的期待，这对校园空间设计提出了更高的适变性的要求，既满足当下使用，也满足未来拓展新功能，这也是建筑可持续的具体应用模式。

布局中把图书馆、音乐剧场、风雨操场、食堂等基础性、共享性的建筑布局在中心轴区，使之成为公共活动的核心空间，最大限度地发挥这些建筑的功能作用，使师生能够最便捷地享用这些公共资源。教室和多功能室满足未来相互转化，图书馆和风雨操场等大空间具备举办多种活动的可能。

各组团沿用地周边组织，围绕公共区，在校园各组团边缘塑造一条立体的空间骨架——学生街，从不同标高串联起师生的日常起居、就餐、学习、交往等功能空间。

这条空间骨架不但起到交通联系的作用，也作为一条空间暖廊集约串联起各单体的主要公共空间，在寒冷的冬季提供更多室内活动空间，在空间过渡转折的位置布置下沉庭院，采光天窗提供足够的采光和通风条件。

Adaptation and skeleton. The future function combination of the school is growing more complicated and versatile as the education system undergoes a further transformation. As an excellent educators, We deeply felt the principal's expectations for the ambiguity of campus space functions in many exchanges, which puts forward higher adaptability requirements for campus space design, which not only meets the needs of current use but also meets the needs of the future expansion of new functions. This is also a type of sustainable architecture application model. Basic and shared buildings such as the library, music theater, GYM, and canteen are arranged in the central axis area of the layout, making them the core space for public activities and maximizing the functions of these buildings to provide teachers and students with the most convenient access to these public resources. In the future, classrooms and multi-functional rooms will undergo mutual metamorphosis, and huge areas such as libraries and parks will be able to host a variety of activities. Each group follows the site's surrounding organization, surrounds the public area, and produces a three-dimensional space skeleton on the campus's edge—Student Street. The daily living, dining, learning, communication, and other functional rooms of teachers and students are linked in series from different elevations. This space skeleton not only serves as a traffic connection, but also as a space corridor to intensively connect the main public spaces of each unit, providing more indoor activity space in cold winter, and setting up sunken courtyards at space transitions. Skylights provide adequate lighting and ventilation conditions.

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▲ 爆炸分析图

形态与建造

形态的呈现与空间节能的理念密不可分，建筑布局集约紧凑，从用能分级的角度，把高性能的教学空间布置在南侧，一般性能的辅助空间放在北侧，部分活动空间也做成了半室外的不用能空间，立面的形态也反应出应对气候的响应。多层级覆土空间也形成了丰富的户外活动平台。

立面采用白色和红色陶土板开放式干挂体系，立面采用错缝斜搭处理，形成了水平连续的肌理感受，陶土温润的质感与金属穿孔遮阳板交相呼应，取材来自大地，本身即是一种绿色材料。在学生公寓的屋顶也铺设了太阳能热水和光伏，充分利用了可再生能源。

Form and construction. The concept of space energy saving is inextricably linked to the look of the shape. The layout of the building is dense and small. According to energy classification, the high-performance teaching space is located on the south side, the auxiliary space with general performance is located on the north side, and certain activity areas are also converted. The shape of the facade, in addition to the semi-outdoor non-functional space, represents the response to the climate. The multi-level dirt-covering space also provides a fertile ground for outdoor activities. The facade employs an open dry-hanging system of white and red clay slabs, with staggered joints and oblique laps producing a horizontal and continuous texture sensation. The clay's warm feel mirrors the metal perforated sunshade. It is a sustainable substance. Solar hot water and photovoltaics are also put on the student apartment's roof, maximizing the usage of renewable energy.

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彩石校区的低技绿色设计更多的立足于规划布局和建筑设计的被动式技术的应用，从理念上和策略上做了一些可持续的设计尝试。两年多的努力基本实现了原有的规划设想，但由于种种原因，建筑师缺席了整体设计的某些环节，在部分空间的营造完成度尚有遗憾，绿色涵义的空间形态优化没有持续进行，也是值得反思和总结。

校园中建筑与环境空间的品质对学生具有潜移默化的影响，因此通过校园环境传递可持续发展的思想尤显重要，实现可持续校园对整个社会具有示范意义，不仅是学校实施素质教育的重要载体，而且逐渐成为新形势下环境教育的一种有效方式。

Caishi Campus' low-tech green design is centered on the use of passive technology in planning layout and architectural design, and it has made some sustainable design attempts in terms of idea and strategy. More than two years of work have essentially realized the original planning concept, but for a variety of reasons, the architect was absent from some aspects of the overall design, and there are still regrets about the completion of some spaces, and the optimization of the spatial form of the green connotation has not been carried out continuously, is also worthy of reflection and summary. Because the quality of campus buildings and environmental spaces has a subtle influence on students, it is especially vital to convey the concept of sustainable development through the campus environment. The creation of a sustainable campus has far-reaching implications for society as a whole. It is not only a vital vehicle for schools to conduct excellent education, but it has steadily evolved into an effective method of environmental education in the contemporary context.

▲细部节点

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