巴塔哥尼亚牧场综合体 | 融入荒原的可持续设计_商业建筑_设计案例作品

发布时间：2020-03-19 07:48:00 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

充分利用当地资源，实现可持续发展和环保目标，同时兼顾舒适居住体验。

Morro Chico牧场位于阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚内陆地区，与智利南部接壤。该牧场的历史与早期殖民者的传奇故事有着密切联系：它由一位苏格兰移民在19世纪末期创建，与众多移民的做法一样，他从福克兰群岛经由智利港口城市Punta Arenas进入南美大陆。在20世纪初，这位移民还在“gran arreo”中发挥了重要作用，将来自2000公里外的5000只绵羊被带入政府划分给殖民者的土地，使大量居民得以过上安定的生活。

▼项目概览，project overview © Cristobal Palma

The Morro Chico Ranch is located within continental Argentinian Patagonia, at the southern border with Chile. Its history is mixed up with the saga of the first colonists in the region. It was founded by a Scottish immigrant who arrived from the Falkland Islands at the end of the 19th century, and came into the continent — as so many others did — through the Chilean city of Punta Arenas. At the beginning of the last century, he played a major role in the famous “gran arreo”, during which 5,000 sheep were brought more than 2,000 kilometres across the wetpampato settle the vast swathes of land that the government had granted to the colonists.

▼综合体坐落在Morro Chico牧场，the complex embedded in the Morro Chico Ranch © Javier Rojas

▼鸟瞰，aerial view © Javier Rojas

一个世纪之后，这个苏格兰家庭的后代再次介入到一个雄心勃勃的项目中，其目的是对该场地进行完善和翻新。具体的目标包括：保护自然遗产，创造可持续的建筑，修建最好的肉厂和羊毛厂，同时提高当地居民和工作者的生活质量。为了实现这一系列目标，项目团队制定了一项总体规划，并于2015年开始实施，于2019年完成。

A century later, descendants of the same Scottish family are linked to an ambitious project aiming to complete and renovate the installations of the site. There were many objectives: to preserve the natural heritage, create sustainable construction, establish the best production of meat and wool, and to improve the life of those who lived and worked there. To achieve this, a master plan for the project was drawn up, with works starting in 2015 and finishing in 2019.

▼整体规划，masterplan ©Richter Dahl Rocha & Associés Architects

▼牧场环境，the ranch ©Celine Frers

新的建筑群包括一个剪羊毛棚（与牧场相距几公里）、用于存放器械和一般物品的仓库、一座员工住宅和一栋家庭住宅。除了一些状况极差的建筑，场地中大多数既有建筑都得到了重新利用，以满足居住者和客人的使用需要。

These included new construction such as a model sheep-shearing shed (located a few kilometres from the ranch), a depot for storing the machinery and for general storage, a building for staff accommodation and a family house. Most of the existing buildings (with the exception of those in a very poor state) were re-used to fulfil the needs of the residents and guests.

▼从家庭住宅望向建筑群，view to the complex from the family house © Cristobal Palma

▼用于存放机械的仓库，depot for storing the machinery © Cristobal Palma

▼仓库内部，interior view © Cristobal Palma

▼员工宿舍，staff accommodation © Cristobal Palma

▼一号住宅，guest house I © Cristobal Palma

▼远眺建筑群，a distant view © Cristobal Palma

原先的剪羊毛棚与其周围的建筑共同构成了一个显著的区域，在保留原始特征的前提下得到了修复，将继续投入使用并展现该地区的历史。

The former sheep-shearing shed and its associated buildings, which made up a distinct zone, were restored in a way that retained their original character. It is still being used, and demonstrates the history of the region.

▼剪羊毛棚，sheep-shearing shed ©Celine Frers

一项显著的改善是产生清洁和可再生能源的系统的引入，这一点通过太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机和燃木锅炉（使用附近林木）的使用得以实现。机器的一部分能源由罐装液化气提供，代替了原先从附近地区开采的木炭。

One of the notable improvements was the introduction of systems to produce clean and renewable energy. This was achieved by the introduction of solar panels and wind turbines, as well as by using a wood-burning boiler using wood from the surrounding forests. This machine is part- fuelled by bottled gas, replacing the former use of charcoal from the neighbouring resources of Río Turbio.

▼剪羊毛棚使用清洁和可再生能源，the sheep-shearing shed uses clean and renewable energy ©Celine Frers

综合体的布局如同一个紧凑的村落，展现出当地牧场所具有的一些特征。一系列实用的建筑和住宅建筑聚集在一起，能够抵挡恶劣气候的影响，在巴塔哥尼亚的荒原上创造出舒适的居住环境。建造系统采用了预制木材和金属，并覆盖以波纹铁板，解决了物流和资源短缺的问题。

The layout of the complex is based on the model of a compact village, characteristic of the ranches of the region, where the utilitarian buildings and accommodation blocks are grouped together for protection against the rigours of the climate and to create places that are comfortable in the Patagonian desert. The system of construction using prefabricated wood and metal, clad with corrugated iron, is not very different from that used by the pioneers of the region, and addresses the same problems of logistics and the scarcity of local resources that existed at that time.

▼家庭住宅鸟瞰，family house aerial view © Javier Rojas

▼家庭住宅外观，family house exterior view © Cristobal Palma

▼建造系统采用了预制木材和金属，并覆盖以波纹铁板，The system of construction using prefabricated wood and metal, clad with corrugated iron © Cristobal Palma

▼起居空间，living space © Cristobal Palma

▼视野开阔的内部空间，internal space with an open view © Cristobal Palma

▼空间细部，interior detailed view © Javier Rojas

▼走廊，corridor © Cristobal Palma

▼卧室，bedroom © Cristobal Palma

为了实现最初拟议的节能计划，所有供暖的建筑，不论是既有还是新建，均设置了隔热层，并通过相同的波纹板饰面将场地中的建筑群从外观上统一起来。项目的整体美学受到当地传统建筑的启发，以一种极端简朴和近乎原始的简洁姿态融入巴塔哥尼亚荒原的辽阔背景。每个部分都根据具体的功能在形式上做出了调整，包括剪羊毛棚这种较为简单的形式，以及家庭住宅这种更加复杂的形式。

The building had to be carried out in accordance with the proposed energy concept. Because of this, the heated buildings, whether new or existing, were insulated. All were covered with the same corrugated sheets and looked the same as each other, which unified the exterior aspect of the whole site. The general aesthetics of the project were inspired by the traditional architecture of the region, which demonstrated extreme austerity and an almost primitive simplicity, introduced into the immensity of the Patagonian desert. The architectural language of each part of the whole developed well-defined variations on the theme of sheds with corrugated roofs, according to the function and character of the different constructions. There are simple forms like that of the sheep-shearing shed, and other, more complex forms like that of the family house.

▼波纹板饰面将场地中的建筑群从外观上统一起来，the corrugated sheets of the exterior unified the exterior aspect of the whole site © Cristobal Palma

除了这些外观上的明确变化之外，建筑使用的材料之间也形成了明显的对比，例如建筑内部主要采用了温暖柔和的木制饰面，而外部则使用了坚硬的波纹铁板。家庭住宅使用了最多的木材；随着功能性的增强，木材的占比也逐渐减少——剪羊毛棚完全没有使用木材。

Alongside these well-defined variations were contrasts in the materials used, between the warmth of the wood which is predominant inside (and which can be seen outside in differing amounts) and the hardness of the corrugated iron which characterises the exterior aspect. The largest amount of wood is in the family house, and there is progressively less as the buildings become more utilitarian, until it disappears completely in the sheep-shearing shed.

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