生活在热带地区绝不只是简单地躲避雨水和烈日。“热带建筑”的历史可以追溯至热带原住民社会的开始，它在维持某些标准和规范的同时被吸收进不同的文化。很多时候，我们可以从旅游区屡见不鲜的斜屋顶和悬挑结构中解读出人们对热带建筑的刻板印象，而讽刺的是，在这个全球化的时代，它们即将被抛离热带建筑探索和发展的道路。

随着环境和能源危机日益加剧，气候设计必须做出更多调整以适应当代建筑表达的最新实验和研究，使建筑与其所在的环境和地理位置连接起来，从而实现建筑与热带自然的和谐共存。

▼项目概览，General view

▼街道视角，View from the street

▼屋顶鸟瞰：左侧为庭院，右侧为停车场地

Rooftop view: the building opens to the courtyard and the Parking area on the other side

For Generation, living in the tropics is never simply about avoiding the rain and the sun. The history of “tropical architecture” can be traced back as early as the beginning of indigenous tropical vernacular society that being adapted into different cultures while maintaining the norms. Oftentimes, it got its stereotype of pitched roof and overhangs that being celebrated in many tourist area, but ironically being left out in the path of tropical architecture searching and development in this globalization era.

In the days of environmental and energy crisis like today, the climatic design has to make a triumphal comeback with more adjustment for the latest experimentation and research of contemporary architectural expression, which relates the buildings to their surroundings and location in order to achieve harmony between architecture and tropical nature, so it could be adapted and modified for future architect to come, in order to ensure what is best for greater good.

▼庭院视角，Courtyard

▼户外座位区，Outdoor seating area

该项目是RAD+ar建筑事务所为自己设计的办公总部。建筑师将它视为一块实验性的画布，希望借此机会来探索如何在适应热带建筑的本土精神的同时，尝试营造自身的“微气候”，或者说，营造“微热带性”。

Design is functioned as main office of RAD+ar (Research Artistic Design + architecture), and being used as an exploration canvas of how can we adapt the spirit of vernacular spaces of tropical architecture while experimenting with its own Micro climate / Micro Tropicality.

▼微气候控制示意，Micro climate manipulation

“微热带性”要求我们设计能够对气候和人类体验需求作出回应的建筑。它不是简单地增加一处屋檐来遮挡阳光和雨水，或者设计一个伞形的屋顶，而是要在此基础上兼顾通风和采光，并且让周围的绿植景观保持繁茂。在该项目中，“多层外墙”的置入有效减少了阳光辐射，不仅可以将微风引入室内，还可以降低墙体温度，同时引导视野。通过将所有必要的元素整合在一起，最终的建筑展现出一种自由且丰富的特质，微暗的空间反映了建筑师对舒适性的独到见解。

▼大厅空间，Lobby

▼办公空间，Office area

▼夹层向庭院敞开，Mezzanine floor facing the courtyard

"Micro Tropicality" is to design the building responding to the demands of the climate and the human experiences. It is much more than just to add an eave to cover a door or a window of rain and sun, design an umbrella roof but at the same time to ventilate and illuminate, to make the landscape dense in foliage in order to ventilate and refresh the environment. It is to design a "multilayer facade" to reduce radiation, to direct the breeze inside, to shade the windows, to cool the walls and to direct the views. In the end, the sum of necessary elements gives a free expressiveness to this tropical architecture, which is congruent with the dimly lit space, which is a condition for well-being.

▼首层公共区域，Communal area 1F

室内座位区，Indoor seating area

设计的主旨是在建筑与热带环境间建立对话，并且这个过程可能会打破热带建筑设计方法中的一些既定准则：

Design is to demonstrate a dialogue between architecture and tropical environments that may breaks some basic code of Tropical Architecture approach:

▼设计策略，Strategy

储水并引流 vs 直接引流/避开雨水

Retaining water while channelling it vs directly channelling / avoiding rainwater

热带地区角度夸张的斜屋顶可将雨水迅速地导向地面，从而使建筑物能够承受暴雨和极端天气。然而，随着结构创新被更多地纳入日常设计和规划，大多数建筑虽然仍然采用这种方法，却没有足够的能力来储水。

该项目的设计阐释了如何在尽可能多地吸收水分并将其缓慢释放以供后续使用的同时，仍然能适时地分散水的重量。从场地中吸收的雨水将100%用于整个场地的灌溉。

Dramatic angle of pitch roof in tropics were influenced by its historical approach of channelling water to the ground with great efficiency so the building might endure heavy rain and extreme season. However, as structural innovation has been adapted into daily planning, most building still adopted this approach without an adequate manner of retaining the water.

Design is to set an example of how one can still distribute water load while trying to absorb as much water as possible and release it slowly for later usage. 100% Rain water absorbed from all the site later to be used for total irrigation.

▼俯视屋顶，Rooftop view

绿色屋顶，The green roof

功能性的立面/无立面 vs 文化影射

Functional façade / no façade vs cultural allusion

由于热带地区的规范已经历数百年的实践，因此大多数热带建筑在整合立面与屋顶的方法上都存在着既定或不成文的准则或方法。该项目的设计为此提供了一个新的范例，展示了如何将功能与美学方法进行结合。

As tropical norm has been integrated for hundreds of years, most tropical building has unwritten guideline / manners of how one should integrate façade approach with its roof. Design is to set an example of how functionality can be integrated with aesthetical approach.

▼朝向庭院的镜面外墙与硬景观相呼应

The mirror facade dialogues with the dry landscape

采取最大程度照明策略的深布局 vs 浅布局

Deep plan building with maximum illumination strategy vs narrow plans

为了最大程度地减少白天的人工照明，大多数热带建筑的规范都建议将楼层宽度限制在12米以内，这也就意味着建筑体量本身的有限性。

该项目采用了一个18米深的平面，并在其中尝试用纵向窗户采光，以便在不影响建筑形式和空间的情况下尽可能地增加白天的自然照明。

In order to minimize the usage of artificial lighting during productive daytime, most tropical code are recommending 12m of maximum plan’s width that leads to limitation of massing configuration.

Design is to experiment with puncturing gradual vertical opening within 18m deep plan in order to maximize natural lighting during daytime without compromising form and space.

▼不同开窗方式尽可能增加了白天的自然照明

Different forms of opening maximize natural lighting during daytime

东西朝向 vs 南北朝向 – 控制室内温度

Manipulating internal temperature thru East West vs North South Orientation

多数热带建筑倾向于选择南北朝向，因其有利于降低室温并提高光照量。该项目尝试在建筑的东西两侧置入试验性的立面表皮，利用它们创造更大的温差，从而起到控制自身微气候的作用。

Due to extreme heat emitted, most tropical buildings tend to use north south orientation to maximize illumination while minimize heat transmitted to the building.

Design is to experiment with Façade surface on the east and west of the building and use that opportunity to create a greater temperature difference that control its own microclimate.

▼西向立面，West facade

▼东向立面，East facade

一座能够适应热带气候特殊性并兼容其独具特色的设计准则的建筑，将推动当地文化的进步，以更理想的方式承载人们的经验，适应当地的社会经济和人文条件，并最终促进人们对其产生的归属感和认同感。

Anarchitecture that recognizes the specificities of tropical latitudes and demonstrates its expressive design guidelines will reinforce the local culture and will, in a better way, host people’s experiences, adapt to the spatiality of the place and will recognize the socioeconomic and human conditions; a set of attributes that will facilitate their appropriation and recognition.

▼楼梯，Staircase

▼建筑夜景，Night view

▼项目模型，Project model

▼一层平面透视，Perspective plan – first floor

▼二层平面透视，Perspective plan – second floor

▼夹层平面透视，Perspective plan – mezzanine floor

▼剖面透视，Perspective section

▼剖面图，Section

Project Name: Micro Tropicality, RAD+ar HQ

Architecture Firm: RAD+ar (Research Artistic Design +Architecture)Website: Project@radarchitecture.net

Firm Location: Jakarta

Completion Year: 2020

Gross Built Area: 450 m2

Project location: Jakarta

Lead Architects: Antonius Richard

Lead Architects e-mail:Photo credits: William SutantoPhotographer’s website:Design Team: Felda Zakri Dadi Prasojo Partogi Pandiangan Leviandri mm

Clients: Antonius Richardmmm

Engineering: RAD+ar (Research Artistic Design + architecture)Landscape: RAD+ar (Research Artistic Design + architecture)Consultants: RAD+ar (Research Artistic Design + architecture)Collaborators: Monogeneral Contractor