Flores 之家 | 白色立面上的智能通风“热烟囱”_住宅建筑_设计案例作品

发布时间：2021-02-04 23:28:07 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

逆风设置的“热烟囱”天窗助力被动通风与自然采光，防飓风窗帘融入建筑结构。

本案的家庭住宅位于波多黎各东南沿海的郊区。房屋朝内布局，远离郊区街道，东面享有海景视野。房屋外侧立面呈整洁的白色墙体，内侧则通过细钢柱支撑屋顶，共同构成开放空间。建筑结构半层覆土，呼应了起伏的地形。

The design of this single-family residence in a suburb on the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico is mainly based on the following ideas: The house is introverted away from the suburban street front and extroverted towards the view of the ocean on the eastern side. Thus, the structure layers from a blank wall that defines the facade to an open space defined by a roof supported on slender steel columns on the back. The house is sunken half level to further accomplish this goal and follow the existing contours.

▼项目概览，overview © Jaime Navarro

▼房屋内侧，the back of the house © Jaime Navarro

设计中贯彻被动通风与自然采光策略，立面上的“热烟囱”十分显眼，并可以作为采光天窗。逆主风向设置的窗口引入了更多空气，并延长了空气在室内循环滞留的时间。

The house uses passive means of ventilation and illumination. To achieve this, the frontal view is, in part, characterized by ‘hot air chimneys’ that double as skylights. These elements are opened opposite to the prevailing wind direction to create a suctioning effect that continuously circulates air, while illuminating of the interior spaces.

▼立面“热烟囱”，‘hot air chimneys’ on the facade © Jaime Navarro

▼细部，details © Jaime Navarro

由于项目场地邻近Maria飓风在波多黎各的登陆点，为预防这种气候灾害的发生，建筑师在窗户和部分露台处加装了像窗帘一样可收缩的放飓风帆布。窗帘合上，空间便呈现完全的封闭状态，让人想起艺术家Christo的作品。这种材料还具有透光性，保证了室内采光。通常，很多建筑都不加装防飓风窗帘，但Flores之家的设计中，建筑师巧妙地将这种元素融入了建筑结构。

The house is located near the point where hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico. In order to create protection from such devastating atmospheric events, hurricane resistant canvas-like material that easily retracts like curtains were installed in front of windows and in part of the terrace. In some way when they are closed, they resemble the work of the artist Christo in the manner that they completely enclose and define spaces and forms. This material also allows for light to subtly enter into the interiors. Usually, hurricane shutters are an unwelcome accessory in many structures. This solution incorporates this element as an integral part of the main architectural expression.

▼防飓风窗帘，the hurricane shutters © Jaime Navarro

▼窗帘展开时的风景，scenery view through the unfolding curtains © Jaime Navarro

房屋以高R值的绝缘混凝土系统（GCT）建造，冷却性能显著。在波多黎各的热带环境中，大多数建筑的混凝土结构都没有进行隔热处理，因此会产生极高的热辐射。Flores之家中，墙上的石膏板内侧都进行了隔热处理。房屋地板采用抛光的裸露混凝土，可以适应气候，因此是唯一没有添加隔热层的元素。

The house is constructed in an insulated concrete system (GCT), with a high R value, that makes it extremely efficient in terms of cooling. In the tropical environment of Puerto Rico, most concrete structures are not insulated and therefore allow the extreme heat to pass through. The plaster on the house is a structural mortar that contains the continuous insulation on the interior of the wall. The floor of the house, finished in polished exposed concrete, is the only structural element without insulation since is not needed in this climate.

▼夜景，建筑入口，night view, the entrance © Jaime Navarro

▼夜景，透光窗帘，night view, the translucent curtains © Jaime Navarro

▼夜景，无边小泳池，night view, the small infinity pool © Jaime Navarro

房屋布局紧凑，空间宽敞。大露台将室内与室外相连，让人尽享丰富的户外活动。露台上的无边小泳池将通向地平线的壮阔海景引入室内，同时，泳池也可以作为水箱使用。

The house’s compact layout feels spacious in part because it opens up to a terrace that celebrates outdoor living and links the house to the exterior. The small infinity pool in the terrace connects the long views to the horizon and the ocean to the interior of the house. It also doubles as a cistern.

Nataniel Fúster, Heather Crichfield, Luis R. Albaladejo, José Pagán Structure: José Green Mechanical: Rafael Parés Construction: Taller 34, inc & Redcon Construction Client: Carlos Flores Photography: Jaime Navarro

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