©Mikiko Kikuyama
倾斜的面板中嵌入了照明装置，在夜间发散出跃动的光线，展现出城市动态的电力网络。西面的绿墙按照几何图案种植，呼应了混凝土墙的肌理，为整个街区注入了令人愉悦的自然气息，同时也宣示了建筑本身在环保方面的贡献。
感谢TEF Design
该项目是美国首个以净零能耗（Net Zero Energy）为目标的变电站大楼，其钢架混凝土结构位于Larkin街和Hyde街道之间的中段，是对既有的1962年变电站建筑的现代化加建。原大楼由PG&E设计，旨在为城市东北部区域供电。
▲建筑外观
©Mikiko Kikuyama
▲立面近景
©Mikiko Kikuyama
鉴于场地有限的面积，以及容纳起重机和设备升降机的需要，该项目采取了在垂直方向上扩建的方式。这座实用主义建筑的立面朝向街道，融合了倾斜、穿孔和肋状三种类型的GFRP面板，整体形成一种具有浮动感的外观，消除了材料本身的单调感。每块面板都是单独制作的，凸出的肋条在阳光下投射出线性的阴影，并在全天和全年创造出持续变化的表面。
▲建筑立面融合了倾斜、穿孔和肋状三种类型的GFRP面板
©Mikiko Kikuyama
▲持续变化的表面
©Mikiko Kikuyama
倾斜的面板中嵌入了照明装置，在夜间发散出跃动的光线，展现出城市动态的电力网络。西面的绿墙按照几何图案种植，呼应了混凝土墙的肌理，为整个街区注入了令人愉悦的自然气息，同时也宣示了建筑本身在环保方面的贡献。细密的金属线网在新旧体量之间建立了过渡，像挡书架一般“支撑”起建筑的立面。
▲绿墙侧面
©Mikiko Kikuyama
▲绿墙按照几何图案种植
©Mikiko Kikuyama
黄昏时的立面
©Mikiko Kikuyama
在建筑顶部，60kW的太阳能电池板阵列抵消了大楼的能源消耗。建筑底部的大型通风口能够利用城市的凉风，帮助减少人工制冷的需要，同时可以使大楼的能源负荷降低近40%。建筑内部设置了补充性的风扇，仅在高温条件下启动，从而在必要时起到冷却作用。通过全面且深入地了解每个独立设备——从机械系统到洗手间的烘干器——的电力需要，大楼的能源负荷呈现出显著递减的趋势。
▲可持续策略示意图
© TEF Design
▲夜景©Mikiko Kikuyama
Larkin变电站扩建项目是首个获得ILFI“生命建筑挑战”评级的以净零能耗为目标的电站设施项目。设计团队在与ILFI的合作下建立了一个为前所未有过的建筑类型而设定的评级系统。
项目图纸
▲轴测图
© TEF Design
▲场地平面图
© TEF Design
▲地下一层平面图
© TEF Design
▲一层平面图
© TEF Design
二层平面图
© TEF Design
TEF Design team
Andrew Wolfram, AIA (Principal-In-Charge)Paul Cooper, AIA (Project Manager)Justin Blinn, AIA (Project Designer)Project teamTEF Design (architecture)Plant Construction Company, LP (general contractor)Creo Landscape (landscape architecture)BFK Engineers (civil engineering)Rutherford + Chekene (structural engineering)MHC Engineers, Inc. (MEP engineering)Horton Lees Brogden Lighting Design (lighting)Urb-in (utility consultant/owner’s representative)Thornton Tomasetti (sustainability consultant)Photography
Mikiko KikuyamaMaterials/ProductsStructural System
Foundation System: 3’ thick concrete mat slab designed to resist high ground water level
Lateral System: Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames with moment resisting beam-column connections; designed under Risk Category IV with Importance factor of I=1.5 with anticipation facility will be operational after a major earthquake
Exterior Cladding
Masonry: Basalite Concrete Products
Rainscreen: Nvelope
Moisture barrier: Vaproshield
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Panels: Kreysler & Associates
Decorative Metal Screen: Cambridge Architectural
Roofing
Built-up roofing: Johns Manville
Traffic Coatings: Kemper System
Doors
Metal doors: Stiles Custom Metal
Fire-control doors, security grilles: Cornell Iron
Special doors: The Smith Company
HardwareLocksets: SchlageClosers: LCN
Exit devices: Von Duprin
Interior Finishes
Paints and stains: Benjamin Moore
Floor and wall tile: Crossville, Heath Ceramics
Lighting
Interior ambient lighting: Lithonia, ALW
Exterior: Ecosense, Luminii, iLight, Bega, Hydrel, Cree
Lighting controls: Acuity Controls
Exterior facade lighting controls: ETC
Conveyance
Elevators/escalators: Pflow Industries
Mechanical
Exhaust Fans – General Room: Greenheck
Exhaust Fans – Restrooms: Panasonic
Plumbing
Sump Pump: Weil
Water Heater: Chronomite
Water Closet: Kohler
Urinal: KohlerLavatory: Kohler
Water Closet Flush Valve: Sloan
Urinal Flush Valve: Sloan
Lavatory Faucet: Kohler
Roof Drain: Zurn
Backflow Preventer: Watts
Energy
Photovoltaic system: Sun Light & Power
Landscape Wall: GSky
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