“兰伯顿市的过去与现在是由流经它的水域而塑造的，对于这里的居民而言，洪水的泛滥不应成为一种风险，而是应当通过合理的规划从中找到发展的契机。在城市内部，“洪水足迹”计划试图为居民创造更加公平的享受公共空间的机会，同时为处于弱势的群体规避风险。通过收购存在风险的地块并对洪泛区的空置土地进行策略性的组织，一个跨度超过800英亩的绿道网络得以织就，它能够帮助居民远离风险，将他们对洪水的忧虑转化为喜爱与欣赏。”– 2020年评审委员会

"In Lumberton, a city whose past and present identity is shaped by the water flowing through it, planning for floodwaters is a crucial way for its residents to embrace their environment and find opportunity instead of risk. Within the city, the plan attempts to provide more equitable access to open parks while reducing risk to the most vulnerable parts of its population. A proposal of buyouts for at-risk homes and a strategic organization of vacant lands within the floodplain would provide a network of greenways extending across more than 800 acres, moving residents out of harm’s way and fostering a sense of appreciation for water instead of foreboding."

– 2020 Awards Jury

NC State University Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

项目陈述PROJECTSTATEMENT

兰伯顿社区洪水足迹项目旨在应对飓风“马修”和“佛罗伦萨”对北卡罗莱纳州的兰伯顿市造成的破坏。该项目引入了“洪水足迹”（floodprint）的概念：一种以水陆关系为指导的创新性景观规划方法，涉及“洪水”、“复原”和“实现公平性”等重要内容。超本地的“洪水足迹”方法旨在通过使用景观分析和规划策略来解决以下问题：减灾与灾后修复；社会脆弱性；水土保护；政策、行政和财务；以及自然资源的管理实践。

项目获得的成果为兰伯顿创造了将空置地块转化为储水区、栖息地和休闲场地的机会。规划方案通过8.5英里长的道路将806英亩的土地连接起来，形成一条统一的、贯穿社区的绿道，其中99%的区域位于百年洪泛区的范围内。与之相适应的分区规划还提出了一系列短期、中期和长期的改善项目和管理策略。“洪水足迹”规划的过程和成果将持续提高城市的社会和物理弹性，尤其是通过可控制和可扩展的土地使用策略来保障公共安全、改善洪水多发社区的长期环境功能。

The Lumberton Community Floodprint addresses the devastation Hurricanes Matthew and Florence caused to the City of Lumberton, NC. The project introduces the concept of a “floodprint” — an innovative landscape planning approach guided by water-land relationships, including the powerful forces of flooding, recovery and equity. The hyper-local Floodprint process uses landscape analyses and planning strategies to address: hazard mitigation and disaster recovery; social vulnerability; land and water conservation; policy, administration and finance; and natural resource management practices.

Project outcomes create opportunities for Lumberton to transform its vacant parcels into places for water storage, habitat and recreation. The plan connects 806 acres and provides 8.5 miles of trails into a unified, community-wide greenway, of which 99% resides within the 100-year floodplain. Associated sub-area plans propose short-, mid- and long-range improvement projects and management strategies. The processes and outcomes enabled through the Floodprint process continue to increase social and physical resilience in the city, specifically through actionable and scalable land-use strategies that reduce risk while simultaneously improving public safety and long-term environmental function within historically flood-prone neighborhoods.

项目名称｜天澜美墅·别墅

项目地址 | 重庆

设计面积 | 600㎡

软装设计 | 魅无界设计（MAXIMUM）背景

2016年，仅在北卡莱罗那州，飓风“马修”就造成了高达48亿美元的损失，成千上万的家庭因洪水而流离失所。而更令人痛心的是，在短短不到23个月之后，飓风“佛罗伦萨”又给该州带来了170亿美元的巨大损失，并在灾后恢复规划工作还未完成之际冲击了伦伯顿市（人口数21040），使多处地区重复受害。

兰伯顿社区洪水足迹

兰伯河是其沿岸居民赖以生存的根源，其中也包括成立于1787年的兰伯顿市。河流、支流与泛滥平原为这座城市带来了丰富的资源，独特的自然环境铸就了深刻且持久的物质和文化印象，并将长期影响城市的发展与居民的生活。城市与河流建立了不可分割的关系，在这样的共识下，本次规划引入了“洪水足迹”的概念：一种以水陆关系为指导的创新性景观规划方法，涉及“洪水”、“复原”和“实现公平性”等重要内容。

“兰伯顿社区洪水足迹”是一系列跨学科工作的成果，为乡村地区的抗灾实践提供了最佳范例。其涵盖的内容包括：社区设计与规划、灾后恢复程序和资金筹措、公共政策和管理以及景观规划和设计。自2017年遭受飓风“马修”之后，“兰伯顿社区洪水足迹”一直致力于帮助兰伯顿市提高洪水多发地区的社会和物理恢复能力。项目团队为此采用了全面的分析方法，包括但不限于：地理空间分析、水文和水利条件模拟、居民会议、联邦政策和融资计划评估、公园融资指标比较、地域差异分析以及可选择的未来提议等。这些分析方法为制定社区规划方案提供了依据，尊重并反映了当地历史和地域特征，能够指导社区领导人做出正确的土地使用决策，从而规避风险、保障公共安全并改善洪水多发社区的长期环境功能。

项目团队与民选官员和市政工作人员进行了密切的合作，通过具有针对性的策略，将城市的空置地块改造成储水区、栖息地和生态敏感的步道、公园以及功能空间，使该计划的宏伟目标得以实现。项目提出的建议与现有的社区环境、规划、区域恢复工作以及既有的休闲公共空间均有着紧密的联系，同时也在减灾和灾后修复的背景下，为不同尺度的开放空间的规划和管理提供了依据。此外，项目团队还引导社区居民参与各类活动以支持设计的公平性和提案的顺利实施。社区参与的过程为兰伯顿市赋予了重建社区以及恢复与兰伯河的历史关系的巨大力量，一系列行动促进了能够为社区功能、健康、恢复力、文化和活力提供长期支持的适应性设计策略的制定。

优先创造公平的未来

在环境最为脆弱的地区，其居民也最易受到灾害。洪水风险在不同社区分布不均，并受到各种脆弱性因素的影响。低收入家庭、有色人种、老年人和幼儿大量聚居的社区往往是受环境压力影响最大的区域。兰伯顿也是如此：大多数属于社会弱势群体的人口都居住在兰伯河以南的洪泛区。这些区域仅依靠堤坝来提供人为的所谓“保护”，缺乏足够的防洪手段来抵御与严重洪水事件相关的环境危害。

规划过程从物理和社会层面评估了不同地区承受环境风险的能力，其中包括与个体恢复力相关的因素。这种脆弱性评估主要依靠环境、社会和经济数据，在土地分析的基础上进行。与很多地区一样，兰伯顿的居民也以不均等的方式暴露在这些风险下。识别并了解弱势群体，有助于更准确地判断风险的分布情况，以及资源分配中的相关“差距”，反过来又可以为制定分区规划建议的优先次序提供指导。由此产生的社区整体规划创造了更加公平的公园空间和休闲机会，与此同时也全面地降低了个人住房、社区住宅楼以及全市范围的洪水风险。

利用空置土地造福大众

飓风“马修”和“佛罗伦萨”引发的洪水灾害影响了兰伯顿的数个社区。分布在城市中的众多空置或未得到充分利用的土地进一步加剧了这些地区的脆弱现状。在某些情况下，兰伯顿市政当局成为了这些土地的所有者，并最终承担了维护和管理的责任。在兰伯顿的乡村社区，灾后计税基数的缩小加上空置土地在空间上的中断将带来压倒性的负担。在这种情况下，空置或洪水多发区的土地通常不会被用于公共建设，相反还会因为得不到规划而变得难以维护，最终

▲洪水和重复周期：相隔仅23个月的飓风“马修”（2016）和“佛罗伦萨”（2018）揭示出了兰伯顿的大部分百年和五百年洪泛区域。这些灾难性的洪水事件致使大量人口流离失所，并留下了大面积的空置土地。这些地区有着相似的洪水足迹。Floods and Recurrence Intervals: Separated by only 23 months, Hurricanes Matthew (2016) and Florence (2018) mirrored much of the 100- and 500-year floodplains in Lumberton. These catastrophic flood events have consequently led to large areas of displacement and vacant land occupying a similar footprint.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

洪水的影响：当环境脆弱的低洼地区的人口数量和基础设施量不断增加，那么它们在面临自然灾害时所要承受的生命和财产损失也就越大。飓风马修和佛罗伦萨造成的大规模洪水一再证明类似的建设方法是不适宜且不可持续的。©Lee Stevens

▲填补差距：“洪水足迹”计划所提出的策略旨在弥补不同地区在灾后资金筹措、修复管理和实施方面的巨大差距。在兰伯顿，分析和规划的成果为联邦、州和地方相关部门提供了信息依据，并加快了后者提供援助的速度。

Bridging the Gaps：Floodprint processes and resultant projects are strategically designed to bridge large gaps in recovery funding, administration and implementation. In Lumberton, analysis and planning outcomes have informed and expedited assistance from federal, state and local programs.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲脆弱性评估框架：该计划对研究文献中衡量社会脆弱性的指标“美国人口普查局人口数据”（ACS-2015）进行了分析，以了解兰伯顿最容易受到洪水影响的区域。

Vulnerability Assessment Framework: U.S. Census Bureau demographic data (ACS-2015 estimates) that research literature have determined to be indicators of social vulnerability were analyzed to understand the areas of Lumberton that are most vulnerable to the impacts of flooding.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲修补社区肌理：由于受到灾害的土地数量庞大且分布不均，本次规划研究的目标是将空置的、未得到充分利用或遭受过重复性水灾损失的地块与现有的公共开放空间连接起来，以创造一个可管理的公共设施。

Mending Community Fabric: Because of the high number and discontinuous arrangement of affected parcels, the goal of this planning study was to connect vacated, underutilized, and/or repetitive flood loss parcels to existing public open spaces to create manageable public amenities.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

互联的愿景：兰伯顿环。覆盖全市的步道网络将空置和未被充分利用的地块重新组织为一个范围超过806英亩的互联系统，其中99%以上的地块位于百年洪泛区内。© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲公园数据对比：现有的公园和休闲空间管理指标是相对于NRPA指标比率进行评估的。规划建议的规模需要与运营支出相匹配（原先的支出低于州和全国的平均水平），以便管理现有和拟议的公园用地。

Park Metric Comparisons: Current parks and recreation administrative metrics were evaluated relative to the NRPA Metrics ratios. Plan recommendations were scaled to align with operating expenditures, which are currently lower than state and national averages, to manage existing and proposed parklands.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲Meadow Branch重点关注区：项目团队的成员作为不同子区域规划工作的代表与各地区的房主商谈了财产收购事宜及其带来的积极影响。在邻近Meadow Branch的社区，该举措成功地使流经的泄洪道得到了恢复。Meadow Branch Focus Area: Representative of the project’s distinct sub-area plans, team members spoke with homeowners regarding the implications of property acquisition vs elevation. In the neighborhood adjacent to the Meadow Branch tributary, this resulted in acquisitions that enable floodway restoration.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲房主参与和收购策略：在确定出与泄洪道相交的地块后，将这些区域与附近的洪泛区土地相连，从而形成连贯的线性公园用地。基于阶段性的实施方法，由联邦应急管理局收购的、已得到批准的土地将逐步形成连接，用以创建新的公共设施。

Homeowner Engagement and Acquisition Strategies: Recommendations identify parcels that intersect the floodway and connect adjacent floodplain properties to create a single conglomerate of acquisitions for a linear park. The scenarios illustrate a phased approach that connect approved FEMA buyout properties to create the new amenity.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲Meadow Branch的泄洪道恢复：同步的、社区尺度的地块收购能够让洪泛区内的公园和恢复项目以富有凝聚力的状态逐步推进。Meadow Branch Floodway Restoration: Synchronized, neighborhood-scale parcel acquisitions enable development of a cohesive park/restoration features within floodways and floodplains.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲化风险为机遇：溪流和湿地的恢复为公园的共同管理和保护创造了机会，并且显著降低了附近地区的洪水灾害风险。

Flipping Hazards into Opportunities: Stream and wetland restoration creates opportunities for co-management of the park with conservation-based groups and significantly reduces the flood hazard risk for the neighborhood.

© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

Scottish Packing重点关注区：Scottish Packing曾经是一个肉类加工区，靠近市中心和兰伯顿环。对该地块的适应性再利用使其与兰伯河及其周边的优美生态建立了罕见且宝贵的联系。Scottish Packing Focus Area: Adjacent to downtown and the Lumberton Loop, the adaptive reuse of this former meatpacking facility creates rare and critical connections to the Lumber River National Wild and Scenic River.’© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

社区发展：位于兰伯河以南的许多少数族裔社区在历史上一直缺乏接触河流和享受休闲空间的机会，本次规划的实施为这些社区重新找回了这些长期缺失的资源，以支持环境教育、鼓励户外活动并加强生态系统服务。Neighborhood Vision: The historically underserved minority neighborhoods south of the Lumber River lack access to both river and recreational opportunities. This project reconnects and recaptures these long-absent resources to support environmental education, promote outdoor activity, and enhance ecosystem services.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

改造和振兴：一些工厂建筑代表着河流与社区历史的重要联系。该规划提出对部分工厂结构进行湿式防洪改造，以支持社交和娱乐活动，使现有资产得到更加充分的利用。

Retrofitting and Revitalizing: The structure of the former plant provides important connections to both river and neighborhood histories. The plan capitalizes on this existing asset by proposing a wet flood-proofing retrofit of the original structure to support social gatherings and recreation.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

▲从风险地到风景地：项目团队将继续引导城市、保护团体和国家部门之间的讨论，将规划中的土地打造成受欢迎的休闲目的地，为居民提供社交、步行、骑行、钓鱼和划船等丰富的活动机会。

From Disaster to Destination: The project team continues to lead discussions between the city, conservation groups and the state to re-purpose the property into a floodable recreation destination that promotes socializing, walking, biking, fishing and rafting activities.© NC State Coastal Dynamics Design Lab

PROJECT NARRATIVEBackground

In North Carolina alone, Hurricane Matthew (2016) caused $4.8 billion in damage and displaced thousands of families due to flood waters. Hurricane Florence (2018), making landfall less 23 months later, is estimated to have caused an additional $17 billion in monetary damages to the state. Tragically, Hurricane Florence hit the City of Lumberton, North Carolina (population 21,040) before implementation of Hurricane Matthew community recovery planning efforts were completed, with flood waters from both storms devastating many of the same areas.

Lumberton Community Floodprint

The Lumber River is the lifeblood of the communities that occupy its edges, including the City of Lumberton. The city, established in 1787, owes its location and existence to the abundant resources provided by the river, tributaries and floodplains. These natural features have made deep and lasting physical and cultural impressions that continue to influence both city and region. Recognizing that river and city are inseparable, this planning study introduces the concept of a “floodprint” — an innovative landscape approach to community analysis and planning that is guided by land-water relationships, including the powerful forces associated with flooding, recovery and equity.

The Lumberton Community Floodprint is the result of interdisciplinary work reflecting the best practices in rural resilience, as defined and organized around: community design and planning; post-disaster recovery procedures and financing; public policy and administration; and landscape planning and design. Begun in 2017 following Hurricane Mathew and continuing to present day, the goal of the community Floodprint process is to assist the City of Lumberton increase social and physical resilience within flood-prone areas. The project team used robust analytical methods, including but not limited to: geospatial analytics, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, neighborhood meetings, federal policy and recovery funding program assessments, comparative park financing metrics, regional recreation gap analysis, and alternative futures illustrations. Together these analyses informed the development of a community plan that respects and reflects local character and history to guide community leaders in making local land-use decisions that reduce risk, improve public safety, and enhance long-term social and ecological functions within historically flood-prone areas.

The project team worked closely with elected officials and city staff to operationalize the plan’s ambitious goals through a focused strategy of transforming the city’s vacant parcels into places for water storage, habitat and ecologically sensitive trails, parks and programs. Project recommendations are tied to existing community assets, plans and, where appropriate, county and regional recovery planning efforts and existing recreation programs. Recommendations also address a variety of spatial and temporal scales of open space planning and management within the context of disaster recovery and hazard mitigation. Lastly, the project team has led community engagement activities to support equitable design and implementation of the proposed options. This community-engaged technical assistance process has helped Lumberton build capacity to navigate the difficult tasks of rebuilding its community and recovering its relationship with the Lumber River. These actions promote adaptive design strategies that support long-term community function, health, resilience, culture and vitality.

Prioritizing Equitable Futures

The most vulnerable people live in the most vulnerable places. Flood risk is not distributed equally across communities and correlates with a wide array of social vulnerability indicators. Communities with large numbers of low income households, people of color, seniors, young children, and other factors often find themselves in areas most affected by environmental stressors. In Lumberton, many of the city’s most socially vulnerable populations exist within the floodplain areas south of the Lumber River. These neighborhoods are artificially “protected” by a levee and lack redundant flood control measures to counteract the environmental hazards correlated with major flooding events.

The Floodprint process evaluated physical exposure and social vulnerability to environmental risks, including factors related to an individual’s ability to recover. The vulnerability assessment used environmental, social and economic data to build upon a baseline land suitability analysis. Similar to many communities, various demographic groups in Lumberton are disproportionately exposed to these risks. Identifying and understanding these socio-economically vulnerable populations provided a more accurate picture of the distribution of risk, and associated “gaps” in resource allocations, which in turn guided the prioritization of neighborhood level, sub-area planning recommendations. The resulting community master plan creates more equitable access to park space and recreational opportunities while simultaneously reducing exposure to flood risk at the scales of individual house and homeowner, neighborhood block and citywide.

Repurposing Vacant Land for Public Benefit

Several Lumberton neighborhoods were impacted by the catastrophic floods caused by Hurricanes Matthew and Florence. The aftermath has left a scatter-plot of vacant and/or underutilized properties throughout the city, further exacerbating existing vulnerabilities of