尼科西亚 Eleftheria 广场 | 整合城市空间的创新设计_公共空间_设计案例作品

发布时间：2021-12-23 13:08:52 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

融合威尼斯防御设施，创建城市公共空间，以及丰富的绿化和行人专用区。

扎哈·哈迪德建筑师事务所（ZHA）将Eleftheria广场作为城市主要聚集空间，其设计以新的联系整合了首都尼科西亚的分散区域。在尼科西亚，坚实的威尼斯防御设施将老城区和现代街区分隔开来，同时城市“绿化带”又将这里划分为两个截然不同的街区。

Establishing Eleftheria Square as the city’s primary gathering space, Zaha Hadid Architects’ (ZHA) design creates new connections intended to unite a divided capital. Nicosia’s massive Venetian fortifications separate the old city from its modern districts, while the city’s ‘Green Line’ divides the capital into two disparate communities.

▼区位鸟瞰，aerial view of the site ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼项目概览，general view of the project ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

Eleftheria广场位于尼科西亚市中心附近，毗邻环威尼斯城墙和干枯的护城河。这些坚固的城墙建于中世纪并在16世纪由威尼斯人进行大规模重建，它们界定出首都最古老部分的边界，并将古城与城墙外的新区隔开。扎哈·哈迪德建筑师事务所将Eleftheira广场设想为更大的城市规划的初始阶段，该规划有望成为整合首都的催化剂。设计确保人们的视野不会被威尼斯城墙遮挡，不仅稳固了这些防御设施作为尼科西亚形象不可或缺的部分，而且将干枯的护城河开放使用，创造出环绕城市的轨道公园。

▼总体规划&功能划分，conceptual master diagram & programatic diagram ©Zaha Hadid Architects

Located near the centre of Nicosia, Eleftheria Square is adjacent to the Venetian Walls and the dry moat that encircles the city. Constructed in the Middle Ages and extensively rebuilt by the Venetians in the 16th century, these substantial defensive walls define the boundary of the oldest part of the capital, dividing the ancient city from the new districts outside the walls. ZHA envisioned Eleftheira Square as the initial phase of a much larger urban plan that could be a catalyst for the reunification of the capital. The design ensures unobstructed views of the Venetian Walls, establishing these fortifications as an integral part of Nicosia’s identity, while also opening the dry moat for public use to create an orbital park that surrounds the city.

▼广场与城墙的关系，relationship between plaza and defensive walls ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

扎哈·哈迪德建筑师事务所通过新的城市广场、花园和棕榈林荫道改造以前无法进入的护城河区域，使其成为环绕城市的“绿化带”。设计使这些护城河内的新公共空间沿着古城墙延伸并环绕尼科西亚，重新连接了首都分散的街区。Eleftheria广场的设计抬高了护城河的地面，打造出与周围街景相接的上层桥梁，与城市肌理建立直接的联系并确立了首都中心的新公共广场。护城河转变为城市公园后，其流动几何形状是通过对古代防御设施的不规则形状进行三角剖分来建立“强度”点，以确定新公园内的座位、花坛和水景。护城河的花岗岩铺地传达出永恒的稳固性，而花岗岩板之间的开放缝隙形成被动式雨水排放系统，使种植在护城河内的树木能够自然地平衡地下水位并且减少对中世纪城墙地基的侵蚀。作为尼科西亚最大的城市广场，Eleftheira广场可以举办节日庆典和公共活动；其上层桥梁和支柱是用混凝土制成的，雕塑般的外形则确保了它在地震区的结构完整性，并且每个柱基都可以变成座位。

▼绿化&人行分析，green areas & pedestrian paths diagrams ©Zaha Hadid Architects

Transforming previously inaccessible areas of the moat with new civic plazas, gardens and palm- lined promenades, the moat can become a ‘green belt’ around the city. ZHA’s design proposes these new public spaces within the moat are extended to follow the ancient city walls and encircle Nicosia, reconnecting communities of this divided capital. The Eleftheria Square design elevates the topography of the moat to create an upper level bridge that meets the surrounding streetscape, establishing direct connections with the city’s urban fabric and defining a new public square in the heart of the capital. Transformed into an urban park, the moat’s fluid geometries have been created through the process of triangulating the irregular forms of the ancient fortifications to establish points of ‘intensity’ that define seating, flowerbeds or water features within the new park. The moat’s granite paving conveys a timeless solidity, while open joints between the granite slabs create a passive rainwater drainage system that allows the new trees planted within the moat to naturally balance groundwater levels and reduce erosion of the medieval walls’ foundations. As the largest civic plaza in Nicosia, Eleftheira Square has been designed to host festivals and public events; its upper level bridge and supporting columns are crafted in concrete, their sculptural forms ensure structural integrity in this seismic region and the base of each column morphs into seating.

▼护城河区域-三角剖分防御设施的不规则形状，the moat area- triangulating the irregular forms of the ancient fortifications ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼公园座位、花坛和水景，seating, flowerbeds and water features within the park ©Laurian Ghinitoiu, K-Arkatites

▼连接新旧城区的枢纽-高架桥梁，a hub connecting the old and new areas- elevated bridge ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼桥旁水池，pools near the bridge ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼抬升广场下丰富的活动空间，abundant activity space under the elevated plaza ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼上层广场入口，entrance to the upper plaza ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼阶梯内部，interior of the stairs ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼俯瞰人群，overlooking the crowd ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼细部，details ©Laurian Ghinitoiu

广场的改造包括大规模考古发掘以及修复和保护历史悠久的威尼斯城墙的工作，建设还包括两家广场内的咖啡厅以及通过坡道与Omirou大街相接的地下停车场。此外，广场上的楼梯和电梯直接与Solomos广场的巴士总站相连。

The renovation of the square involved extensive archaeological excavations together with works to repair and protect the historic Venetian Walls. The redevelopment also includes two cafes within the square and the new underground parking lot with access ramp on Omirou Avenue. Stairs and elevators directly connect with the bus terminal in Solomos Square.

▼多样的绿化空间，various green spaces ©K-Arkatites

▼公园一角，a corner of the park ©K-Arkatites

扎哈·哈迪德建筑师事务所对Eleftheria广场的改造将尼科西亚丰富的历史和对未来坚定不移的乐观态度交织在一起。在威尼斯城墙和护城河之间，该广场也成为通往老城区的重要门户，其地下停车场将汽车从老城区的街道上移走，进一步辟设行人专用区，增强了历史街区的城市领域，同时也创造了新的公共花园和广场，为城市居民和游客享有。

ZHA’s transformation of Eleftheria Square weaves together Nicosia’s rich history with an unwavering optimism for the future. Bridging the Venetian Wall and moat, the square becomes an important gateway to the old city, its underground parking removing cars from the ancient city’s streets to enable further pedestrianisation that enhances the urban realm of this historic district while also creating new public gardens and plazas to be enjoyed by residents and visitors to the city.

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) Design: Zaha Hadid, Patrik Schumacher, Christos Passas ZHA Competition team: Christos Passas (Design Director), Saffet Bekiroglu, Viviana Muscettola, Michele Pasca di Magliano, Daniel Fiser, Ceyhun Baskin, Inanc Eray ZHA Schematic Design Team: Stella Nikolakaki (Design Lead), Sevil Yazici (Design Lead), Sylvia Georgiadou, Takang Hsu, Phivos Skroumbelos and Marilena Sophocleus (Landscape), Chrysi Fradellou, Edward Sorgeloose, Vladimir Tschaly ZHA Design Development: Dimitris Akritopoulos (Design Lead), Bence Pap (Design Lead), Kwanphil Cho, Reza Esmaeeli, Chrysi Fradellou, Raul Forsoni, Thomas Frings, Jesus Garate, Irene Guerra, George Giokalas, Spyridon Kaprinis, Javier Ernesto Lebie, Carlos Luna, Vincent Nowak, Anna Papachristoforou, Sophia Papageorgiou, Vivian Pashiali, Ivan Ucros Polley, Matthew Richardson, Michail Roidis, Hendrik Rupp, Andri Shalou, Vladimir Tschaly, Leo Alves, Megan Burke (Landscape), Eleni Mente (Landscape), David McDowell (Administration) ZHA Project Supervision Team: Electra Mikelides, Dimitris Kolonis, Stella Nikolakaki, Vivian Pashiali, Christos Sazos, Nicos Yiatros, Christina Christodoulidou, Maria-Eleni Bali Consultants On-site Engineers: Eleni Loizou, Remos Achilleos Structural Engineers: ASD Hyperstatic Engineering [Limassol]; Andros Achilleos (Principal Engineer), Michalis Allayiotis (Project Engineer) MEP Engineers: UNEMEC [Nicosia]; Lakis Pipis (Director in-charge), Andreas Karayiannis and Trevor Colett (Directors), Chris MacFarlane, Kleovoulos Kasoulides, George Lerides, Kypros Tziakouris (Electrical Engineers -supervision stage) Kostas Archeos (Supervising Electrical Engineer) Panayiotis Ktorides (Mech. Engineer) Lighting: Kardorff Lichtplanung Ing. [Berlin]; Volker Kardorff (Principal), Stefan Krauel (Project Designer) Accessibility Consultants: David Bonnett Associates; David Bonnett MTCW; Klelia Petridou Traffic Consultants: SKM Colin Buchanan; Andreas Markides (CEO), Colin Firth (Director) Project Management/Coordination Team: Modinos & Vrahimis Associates; Saverios Vrahimis (Director), Anna Lyssandridou Client Project Management Team: Agni Petridou (Project Coordinator), Maria Ioannou, Maria Georgiou, Foivos Tsappas, Georgiana Loizides Cost Consultants: MDA Cyprus; Stephanos Andreou (Director In Charge), Niki Stavrou Advisors: Lekton [Cyprus]; Andy Sphicas, Soula Iacovidou The Concrete Center [UK] Beton Centrum [NL]

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