惠州种子教堂——自然与宗教的有机结合_宗教空间_设计案例作品

发布时间：2012-05-20 03:12:00 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

以种子为设计灵感，巧妙运用光影，构建与自然和谐共处的宗教空间。

项目名称：惠州种子教堂
项目建筑师：广州市建工设计院
结构咨询：广州市建工设计院
机电咨询：广州市建工设计院
施工单位：茂名市建筑集团有限公司

Church of Seed is located at Luofu Mountain Scenery District – one of the seven famous Taoist Mountains in China. Although there are various kinds of Taoist and Buddhist temples in this district, western religious element has not yet been found. Besides developing private houses, the client in this project intends to develop a small church for the surrounding village people in order to widen the spectrum of religious culture.

This church provides not only worship and meditation space for Christians, but also recreational and gathering places for the surrounding village people. Instead of promoting Christian religion actively and aggressively, the message of religion is communicated subtly through the play of light and shadow in this architecture. Situated within the beautiful landscape of Luofu Mountain, Church of Seed has an area of 280m2 and can accommodate 60 people. The design concept is triggered by the form of a seed – a famous metaphorical element in the Gospel stories. A curve line follows the outline of a seed and marks the enclosing wall element. The curve is then split into three parts, and three entries are formed at where the curve wall splits: the south east facing wall has a cross shape opening which introduces morning sun into the interior; the west facing wall is solid and blocking the afternoon sun; the north facing wall is thicken to accommodate toilet facility. The stepping roof terrace allows diffuse northern daylight into the interior and provides a dramatic headroom increment (3 – 12 meters) from the main entrance towards the worshiping space. Visitors can walk up to the stepping roof terrace, arrive at the observation deck and enjoy the distant view of mountain and water.

Church of Seed has a raw, natural and non-decorative material language. The main structure is constructed by in-situ concrete with bamboo formworks. In-situ concrete construction is economically sound and practical for local builders. The bamboo texture left on the concrete surface reduces the massiveness of concrete wall and harmonizes with the surrounding trees and green landscape. Plus the transparent windows and doors, and the handmade bamboo furniture by local farmers, the presence of the church is humble and close to village life.

Although a seed is the starting point of this design, the church does not intend to literally illustrate its image. The abstract form and space of the church is conveyed through the play of light, shadow, material and texture. This is not a piece of architecture which purely celebrates its sculptural form, but a building which respects the natural environment and local culture.

种子教堂位于中国道教七大名山之一的罗浮山景区。罗浮山景区附近拥有道冠、庙宇和佛寺等多种宗教活动场所，但西方宗教元素欠奉。本项目的业主希望在发展私人房地产以外，为当地居民兴建一所小型教堂，扩大当地的宗教文化维度。有别于传统的教堂，这所教堂不单止为基督教团体提供敬拜及退修的场地，建筑物本身亦是一个多功能空间，让当地村民在此休憩及联谊。宗教信仰在此处并不是强加于人的教条，而是在建筑的光与影中含蓄地让人感悟的信息。

种子教堂面积约280平方米，可容纳60人，坐落于罗浮山的秀美山峦与湖光之中。设计的概念由一颗种子开始– 种子既是圣经福音书中的闻名比喻，亦象征着生命的开端及大自然的奥妙。平面图以种子的有机意象作为起点，画出一条围合内部的曲线墙体，然后墙体一分为三，破口处成为三个大小不一的出入口。面向东南的墙体引入十字架开洞，为教堂内部引入早晨的曙光；面向西面的墙体厚实无窗，遮挡烈日，并放置楼梯通向屋面梯级式花园；面向北面的墙体增厚而形成卫生间和后勤用房。梯级式的屋面结构造就了向北开天窗的可能性，为教堂内部引入柔和的日光。访者首先从北面尺度较小的入口进入教堂内部，而梯级式的屋面结构由北向南逐步增高，令内部空间由单层的入口处演变成12米高的庄严敬拜空间。访者步出教堂后，沿西面户外楼梯可直达屋面花园，顺着梯级式花园举步而上，可到达观景平台，远眺罗浮山景色。而梯级式花园本身亦是一个户外敬拜及分享的场所。

种子教堂整体上运用了一种粗犷自然、不加修饰的材料语言。通过和施工单位的多番讨论，所有墙体以竹模板现浇混凝土进行建造。现浇混凝土既符合经济原则，亦是当地施工队较有经验的做法。而竹模板在墙体表面留下的痕迹弱化了墙体的庞大尺度，为刚硬的混凝土加入丝丝秀气，亦和四周的自然景观相呼应。再加上朴实的玻璃门窗，和农民自做的桌椅，种子教堂以最平易近人、最贴近乡村生活的方式呈现。

纵然本设计以种子作为思考的起点，但无意将其具象化而加以表现。建筑物以其粗犷的语言及巧妙的光影运用抽象地呈现其独特性和空间感。这不是一所纯粹表现建筑形式的雕塑性建筑，而是尊重当地文化、与大自然和谐共处的有机建筑。