Romania fortifications information center

设计方：Point 4 Space

位置：罗马尼亚 布拉索夫

分类：办公建筑

内容：实景照片

建筑设计负责人：Radu Enescu, Constantin Goagea, Justin Baroncea

项目建筑师：Virgil Rezus

合作人：Cosmin Dragomir

承包人：Ramb Sistem

图片：16张

摄影师：Cosmin Dragomir

布拉索夫是由德国（萨克森）殖民者建于中世纪的特兰西瓦尼亚的城市之一。在19世纪和20世纪的大发展中，大部分的防御工事都被拆除了。在过去的十年里，市议会已经开始了逐步修复存留下来的城墙，塔楼和堡垒的计划。这座堡垒是筑城体系的一部分，由Point 4 Space建筑设计团队负责改造。在被遗弃了这么长的时间之后，这座建筑的易损构件，如屋顶、哨兵巡逻的通道和楼梯都已经完全消失了，只留下了沉重的环形外墙。

在对堡垒的一层进行发掘时，发现了旧城墙的遗迹。这就引导着建筑师去修复塔楼，并将它打造成布拉索尔工事的信息中心，发挥信息交互和教育功能。塔楼的顶部需要用金属的屋顶结构，这就需要在塔楼的上部做钢筋混凝土圈梁进行加固，也就不可避免的需要破坏遗迹的一部分。此外，旧墙壁的地基不得不被保留下来，并且有一部分会暴露在外面，这就极大地限制了地面空间的使用。因此建筑师建议将信息中心做成一个结构完全独立的内置式塔楼，这样就可以不破坏原本塔楼的外墙和结构。

旧的结构得到了修复。固定在墙壁上的老式木质人行道作为一种标志，我们决定用现代的方式来修复它。新的人行道路还是保留了原本的几何形状和位置，只是换成了由山毛榉木地板和金属网护栏组成的钢结构。由于发掘的缘故，新塔楼只占用了地下室很小的空间，随着高度慢慢升高获得了足够的面积。在新塔楼的任意高度都提供了良好的内部视野，并且联通着新建的人行道。

建筑师努力避免将内部空间填满，这将会把墙壁当成是全新内饰的一种历史元素。相反，建筑师建立了一个模糊的新层，它可以被认为既是原有堡垒的内部，也可以被视作新建筑的外部。在特定的区域，两个维护结构之间空间非常局促。相反的是，在另一些空间，大的玻璃窗带来了通透的空间感和良好的视野。原有遗迹射击孔的位置直接影响着玻璃窗的形式以及开口的大小、朝向。新建的内部塔楼是独立的，但确不是孤立存在的。原有塔楼环绕着它，它才有了意义，通过它游客们才能探索这座堡垒，透过它游客们才能捕捉到城市的一瞥。

项目的目的是要创建一个轻盈可替换的结构。除了混凝土地基，整个结构都可以拆除并再利用，方便将来对这座堡垒进行改造。这75cm x 300cm的高强度钢板不仅维护着这座建筑，也支撑着金属骨架。除了可逆性和可持续发展性，这坚固的形象也清晰的表明了时代的特征。

然而，在更细微的层面上，该项目也恢复并重新诠释了地方的身份。建筑师倾向于为历史遗迹营造理想的形象，中世纪的城镇就成了变成理想的地方，为文化和越来越多的消费提供了空间。在某种程度上，生活的戏剧性、转变和矛盾创造并改变着他们，并将这一切都化为了时代的背景。作为反应这一点的事实，这座堡垒当时被规划建造并用于战斗，因此新的信息中心也是专注于防守的结构体系。这已被腐蚀的表面的视觉、听觉和触觉都表现着这地方本来的紧张感，却没有带来压迫感。

译者： 艾比

Brasov is one of the Transylvanian cities built in the Middle Ages by German (Saxon) colonists. Most of its fortifications were demolished to make way for massive development in the 19th and the 20th centuries.In the last ten years the city council has commenced a programme of gradual restoration and conversion of the remaining walls, towers and bastions.

During excavations of the ground floor, remains of older walls were found. The brief called for the restoration of the tower and the creation of an information centre for the Brasov fortifications, containing interactive information and education equipment.It turned out that covering the bastion would involve a metal roof structure and therefore a reinforcement of the tower’s upper section with a circular concrete belt, inevitably damaging the substance of the monument. Moreover, the foundations of the older walls had to be preserved and partially exposed, which severely limited the use of ground floor space.

The architects consequently proposed to house the information centre in a free-standing interior tower that does not infringe in any way on the structure or the exterior image of the bastion.The old structure was repaired. As marks in the walls allowed the old timber sentinel walks to be retraced, it was decided to reconstruct them in a contemporary way. The new walkways adopt both the position and basic geometry of the original ones, but consist of a steel structure with beechwood floorings and a metal mesh parapet.

The new tower starts in the basement with a minimal footprint (because of the excavations), widening as it rises to achieve the required surface area. It allows an internal view of the bastion along its full height and gives access to the rebuilt sentinel walks.The architects made every effort not to fill up the internal space, which would have relegated the walls to a kind of historical skin for a completely new interior. Instead, they created an ambiguous new layer, which can be perceived both as the interior of the bastion and the exterior of the new construction.

In certain areas, the tension between the two enclosures is dramatic. In others, on the contrary, large windows celebrate the transparency and visual connections. The shape of the new object and the disposition and size of its openings are directly conditioned by the position of the gun embrasures of the historical building. The interior tower is independent, but not autonomous; it only makes sense through the presence of the bastion that surrounds it, allowing visitors to explore the bastion and catch mediated glimpses of the city.

The aim was to create a structure as light and reversible as possible. Except for the concrete foundation, the whole structure can be dismantled and reused, allowing future interventions in the bastion. The 75 × 300 cm Cor-Ten steel panels not only enclose the building, but also brace the metal frame. Apart from reversibility and sustainability, the robust expression clearly signals a contemporary intervention.

Yet, at a more subtle level, the project also recovers and reinterprets the identity of the place. We still tend to project an idealized image onto historical heritage. Medieval towns turn into congenial locations, spaces for culture and, increasingly, for consumption. The dramas, the shifts and the contradictions of the societies that created and changed them are somehow pushed into the background. As a reaction to this, this project acknowledges the fact that the bastion was planned, built and used for fighting, and the new information centre focuses on defensive architecture. The visual, audio and physical experience of the corroded surface somehow reveals, without becoming oppressive, the initial tension of the place.

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