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Long Dock Park by

Reed Hilderbrand LLC

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ASLA

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项目陈述|PROJECT STATEMENT

纽约市以北60公里，我们将一块后工业用地改造成颇受欢迎的河岸公园，集艺术、娱乐、环境教育于一体，让到访的游客与哈德逊河及它的历史产生更紧密的联系。河滩上原本有一处木质的码头和铁轨，但20世纪的大部分时间里它们都未被善加利用，现在被重新改造成为Beacon河岸一处有活力的、多样化的、有韧性的景观。三阶段的整治和生态修复已经完成，并在Sustainable Sites Initiative获得三星的评级。

Sixty miles north of New York City, we’ve transformed a postindustrial site into a popular riverfront park, where art, recreation, and environmental education enable visitors to forge deeper connections with the Hudson River and its history. Originally a wooden pier and basaltic railroad fill on tide flats, but vastly degraded throughout much of the twentieth century, the recuperated property has returned a vital part of Beacon’s waterfront to an active, diverse, and resilient landscape. Three phases of remediation and ecological restoration have been completed, earning a three-star ranking from the Sustainable Sites Initiative.

▲ Long Dock半岛迷人的景色掩盖了它曾作为铁路线、码头、燃料存放地和汽车垃圾场的不堪历史。

The Long Dock peninsula’s arresting Hudson Valley setting masks a tortured history as a railroad siding, shipping port, fuel terminal, and automobile junkyard.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

项目说明|PROJECT NARRATIVE

场地历史

纵观20世纪的大部分时期，人们对这一地块的使用越来越没有价值，从废弃的铁路线和渡轮码头到燃料和盐的存放地，再到汽车垃圾场。20年前，细心的环保主义者聚焦此地并开始整治它。10余年前，设计团队试图将其打造成为一个工作景观，恢复生态功能，并设置一台艺术装置展示河流的潮汐作用，为面临着海平上升以及愈加频繁的废弃河岸地区的开发提供了最好的借鉴。

驾驭自然

向着广阔的哈德逊河口伸出1000英尺，场地立刻变为一处宁静的美景——毫无争议地是夏天夜晚河谷最引人入胜的场所之一，同时也是最富戏剧性地裸露着的半岛，必须经受上游流速高达100英里的冲击。风暴潮定期会淹没半岛；白日会出现海水涌流；而冬季的浮冰破坏力也非常惊人。所以设计的任务非常清晰：建立该地的应激机能，但要循序渐进——等资金筹措起来后，复原工作就可以有所进展。

在安静的港口的南端，“Beacon Point”的互动雕塑装置加强了该项目的结构。通过大量的土方工程，原有退化的湿地被重新布置，优化集水、存水、净化、泄洪等生态功能；在草地和潮间带之间建立起清晰的分界；强调海岸线的弧度；并在湿地和潮汐地之间形成起亲切的、多样的空间。原本场地上成堆的废弃的混凝土板被重新用于铺设停车场和皮划艇始发处的小广场。

循序渐进，美丽重现

Long Dock公园花了近10年的时间来规划，又花了差不多长的时间来建设。工程的第一阶段包括铺路和在地艺术，于2009年向公众开放。第二阶段的修复包括在老的Long Dock红色谷仓中建修一座艺术与环保教育中心，以及在河岸建造一座皮划艇存储和租赁站点。2011年，这一阶段的建设工作正在进行中，飓风艾琳的侵袭淹没了整个场地长达几天的时间，在湿地和尚未竣工的地形保护扶垛的作用下，公园经受住了最严峻的考验，并证明了自身的价值。第三阶段的工作于2014年完成，直到去年夏天，这项工程多方面的特点不再零零散散地而是全面地呈现出来：重新建造的平缓的河岸线，活力无限的皮划艇始发站，艺术中心，阡陌相连的小路，沼泽上的基础设施，以及充满野性美的潮间带上的挡土扶垛。

培养韧性

景观设计师主导了此次设计的工作，并协助实施了工程的各个阶段。Sustainable Sites Initiative选择Long Dork公园作为其首批试点工程之一，并最终给予三星级公园的认证。设计团队同SITES密切合作，从生态、经济、社会可持续性等方面完善评估标准。正如SITES文件所述，Long Dock的故事是一部关于一个复杂而让人生惑的地点，如何依靠设计、决心和韧性 ，克服庞大的机能、时间以及经济等种种压力的史诗。

▲ 某土地基金会拯救了这一地区，其目的是打造一个目的地河岸公园，为哈德逊河改造获取第一手的经验。这一目的使得它成为Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES)试点项目之一。

A land trust rescued the site with the aim of creating a destination riverfront park that enables first-hand experience of the Hudson River. This objective led to Long Dock’s participation as a pilot project for the Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES).

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 场地废弃的状况需要广泛的多方面的恢复技术的介入，构筑物的废墟和退化的湿地让场地贫瘠、缺氧、充满不安全因素

The site’s derelict condition required extensive and varied techniques of remediation and recovery; construction debris and degraded wetlands rendered much of the site barren, hypoxic, and unsafe.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ Long Dock公园恢复健康的土地机能，修建通往河岸的休闲区，建造弹性工作景观来吸收河流复杂的潮汐和风暴潮的能量，再度塑造哈德逊河谷平静美丽的海滨景致。

Long Dock Park restores physical health to the land, expands recreational access to the river, builds a resilient working landscape to absorb the river’s complex tidal and storm surge energy- and recaptures the Hudson Valley’s serenity for the Beacon waterfront.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 2002年被废料和工业废墟覆盖的Long Dock场地

Flotsam and industrial ruins covered the Long Dock site in 2002

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 场地的文化历史与其现在的表现形成鲜明的对照。曾经这里是密集的工厂区，现在成为为哈德逊河谷创造财富和活力的好性能景观区。

Site’s cultural legacy contrasted with its contemporary performance. Once the location for a succession of intensive industrial activities, Long Dock Park itself is now a high-performance landscape contributing the vibrancy and wealth of the Hudson Valley region.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 曾经杂乱无章的柳树、刺槐、桤木构成的森林以及滩涂边的草原已经被倾斜的扶垛巧妙地加以改造。

Once a rowdy forest of volunteer Willows, Locusts, and Alders, the meadow edge against the tideland has been deftly reshaped with protective sloping buttresses.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 在偶发性的高水位涨潮和风暴潮发生时，超过百分之50的区域会被淹没。

More than 50% of the site floods in occasional high tides and storm surges.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 在平缓和退化的地区我们建造植被茂盛的湿地来过滤暴雨的降水，抵抗侵蚀。

From a flat and degraded terrain we built robustly planted wetlands to filter stormwater and resist erosion.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 穿过滩涂湿地的木板路揭示了哈德逊河的周期。

A boardwalk through tidal wetlands reveals the Hudson River’s cycles.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 皮划艇始发站装配有光伏板为场地供电，现在已经成为哈德逊河边受欢迎的娱乐地点。

A kayak pavilion, fit with photovoltaic panels that power the site lighting, is a popular point of recreational access to the Hudson.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 倚靠扶垛设置的阶梯式的墙体与潮间带相连接，营造了聚会、表演的场所。

Terraced walls set against the buttress and adjacent to the intertidal zone create venue for classes, performances and gatherings.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 回收材料（铁轨枕木、混凝土板）和被保留的树木节省了开支，强化了环保实用主义的概念。

Reclaimed materials (railroad ties, concrete slabs) and preserved trees emphasize budgetary and environmental pragmatism.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

▲ 在夏日落日时分前往Long Dock公园的游客。

Visitors to Long Dock Park at sunset on the summer solstice.

Photo Credit: James Ewing Photography

Site History

Throughout most of the twentieth century, this property’s land use veered from bad to worse—from an abandoned railroad siding and ferry depot, to a fuel storage site and salt stockpiling operation, to an automobile junkyard. Dedicated conservationists assembled the land and began remediating almost twenty years ago. More than a decade ago, the design team reimagined it as a working landscape that restores ecological function, incorporates a major art installation demonstrating the river’s tidal action, and foregrounds best practices for riverfront development on degraded sites in the face of higher sea levels and more frequent storms.

Harnessing Nature’s Force in Rehabilitation

Jutting 1,000 feet out into the broad Hudson estuary, the site is at once a serene point of reflective beauty—indisputably one of the valley’s most beguiling places on a summer evening—and a dramatically exposed peninsula that must survive the forces of one hundred miles of upstream river. Storm surges inundate the peninsula regularly; brackish upwelling occurs diurnally; and winter ice floes can be remarkably destructive. The mandate became clear: Build resilience, but realize it incrementally—when funds could be raised and remediation could progress.

The southern edge of the project’s quiet harbor was structurally reinforced with an interactive sculptural installation known as Beacon Point. Existing degraded wetlands—one intertidal, the others tidally influenced through the soil—were reorganized to optimize ecological function in the capture, retention, treatment, and release of storm runoff and surge inundation. Extensive earthworks made this possible. They defined strong physical separation between the level meadows and intertidal zone, emphasized the arcing gesture of the shoreline, and formed more intimate and varied spaces amid the wetlands and tide pools. Dozens of discarded concrete slabs found on site were redeployed as paving for parking and a plaza near the new kayak pavilion.

Incremental Recovery, Emergent Beauty

Long Dock Park took a decade to plan and almost that long to build. The project’s first phase, opened in 2009, included a boardwalk and a site-specific artwork. The next phase saw completion of an arts and environmental education center in Long Dock’s historic red barn and a pavilion for kayak storage and rentals. In 2011, during another phase of construction, storm surge from Hurricane Irene flooded the entire site for several days; with the working wetlands and protective landform buttresses already in place, but not yet completed, the park landscape survived its most difficult test and proved its mettle. A third phase was completed in 2014. By last summer, the project’s multiple characters had gone from piecemeal to fully emergent: the calm horizon of the reconstructed shore, the excited energy of the kayak pavilion and the arts center, the connective network of boardwalks and trails, the working infrastructure of swales and seeps, and, finally, the rough beauty of the dynamic intertidal zone and earthen buttresses.

Cultivating Resilience

The landscape architect led the design effort and helped guide all phases of implementation. The Sustainable Sites Initiative selected Long Dock Park as one of its original pilot projects, and it eventually certified the park with a three-star rating. The design team worked closely with SITES staff to refine evaluative criteria for ecological, economic, and social sustainability. As the SITES documentation process proved, the Long Dock narrative is a story about how such an enigmatic site could overcome massive physical, temporal, and economic forces: through design, determination, and resilience.

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