曼谷“海绵”公园 | 生态修复与休闲共生_公共景观_设计案例作品

发布时间：2023-09-12 06:43:26 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

将生态修复与休闲功能巧妙结合，创造出既美观又实用的城市公园。

Benjakitti是一座城市公园，位于前烟草厂区，是财政部下辖的产业。在烟草厂搬迁后，该场地被开发为曼谷的城市公园。

Benjakitti Park is an urban park located in the former Tobacco factory area, owned by The Treasury Department, Ministry of Finance. The site covers 720,000 sq.m. After The Tobacco factory was relocated, the site was developed to become an urban park in Bangkok.

▼项目鸟瞰，Aerial view © Royal Thai Army – 1st Development Division

项目的设计理念是：第一，提高公众对生态、森林、水文与环境的理解和认知；第二，成为生态公园开发的“领头”项目；第三，为城市社区提供服务，保护城市的生态环境，在雨季保留12.8万立方米的水，同时每天生产1600立方米的清洁水。

The design concepts are, firstly, to improve public understanding and knowledge about the ecology, forest, hydrology, and environment to the urban community. Secondly, to become ‘Ini-tiative’ of Ecological Park Development. Lastly, to serve the urban communities and preserve the ecological environment of the city retaining the 128,000 cu.m. of water in the rainy season and producing clean water 1,600 cu.m./ day.

▼场地环境，Urban context © Royal Thai Army – 1st Development Division

▼“海绵”般的设计可在雨季保留雨水，同时在旱季释放雨水，The design acts as a ‘sponge’ that retains rainwater in the rainy season and discharge water in the dry season © Royal Thai Army – 1st Development Division

泰国的季风气候令洪水和干旱问题日益严重。该项目试图通过“海绵”般的设计，在雨季保留雨水，同时在旱季释放出12.8万立方米的水。场地旁边的Phai Sing To水渠受到了城市径流和污水的影响，利用湿地植物进行生物修复净化后，每天可以产生1600立方米的清洁水。

该地区地势平坦且位于低洼处，平均海拔近0.5米，大部分的地区曾经是沼泽地，有着较高的地下水位。泰国传统的农业智慧是让树根保持在较高的位置以避免洪泛，同时设置水沟来帮助排水和灌溉水渠。

With Thailand’s monsoon climate flood and drought are significant problems. The design acts as a ‘sponge’, large sponge that retains rainwater in the rainy season and discharge water in the dry season with 128,000 cu.m. water capacity. The water from Phai Sing To canal, located next to the site is contaminated with urban runoff and sewage, is purified with bioremediation by using wetland plants, producing 1,600 cu.m. clean water/ day.

The site is flat and low-lying, with an average elevation of just 0.5 meters. Most of the area was originally swampland with high groundwater levels. Thai conventional agricultural wisdom method is used to keep the tree roots higher to avoid floods and have raceways to help drain water and irrigation canal.

▼城市中的公园，An urban park in Bangkok © Mr.Srirath Somsawat

▼贯穿公园的步道，Walkways through the park © Royal Thai Army – 1st Development Division

▼步道和天桥，Pathways and skywalk © National Geographic

该项目将坚硬的黏土表层转化为了湿润的海绵状的栖息地，在灌溉最少的条件下建立了丰富的本地植物群落。场地中种植了360种（共5600株）树，它们均是来自中部河流流域的稀有本地树种，通过与中小型的植物混合种植，可以为树苗的生长提供荫蔽。场地中既有的树木都得到了保护，并融入了公园的设计。

This project transformed hard clay surface soil into wet and spongy habitat, allowing a rich native plant community to establish itself with minimal irrigation. Planted 5600 seedlings of 360 species, which are rare indigenous trees of the central river basin mixed with small to medium sized plants that provide shade to help seedlings grow. All existing trees on site were preserved and integrated into the park design.

▼湿润的海绵状的栖息地，Wet and spongy habitat © Royal Thai Army – 1st Development Division

▼公园植被，Plants © Mr.Srirath Somsawat

挖掘和填充并行的土方工程技术创造出新的地貌特征。场地材料被重新利用，从拆除工作中获得的石块和混凝土被用于建造护堤岛和滤水层的基础。原有的混凝土铺路块被重新利用为自行车停车场的路面。前烟草厂也被改造成不同的服务设施。

The design uses cut and fill earthwork techniques within the site to create landform char-acter. Site material is reused, the stone and concrete from site demolition is used as the foundation of the berm island and water filtration layers. Reused existing concrete paving blocks used as bicycle parking pavement. The former tobacco factories are renovated into various facility buildings.

▼前烟草厂建筑，The former tobacco factory building © Mr.Srirath Somsawat

公园向周边社区乃至整个曼谷的居民开放，为他们提供了一个被生态系统包围的休闲空间。湿地中的岛屿为其他物种提供了庇护所。长1.67公里的空中漫步道将公园内的不同区域连接起来，形成一条结合休闲和教育功能的自然之路。

The park is accessible by all, from people around the surrounding community to people throughout Bangkok who want a space to immerse into the holistic ecosystem. Islands within the wetlands also serve as sanctuaries for other species to seek refuge. The area within the park is connected by a 1.67 km long skywalk, with universal design. The sky-walk is a leisure and nature learning path.

▼长1.67公里的空中漫步道将公园内的不同区域连接起来，The area within the park is connected by a 1.67 km long skywalk © Sarakadee Magazine

▼贯穿森林的路径，The route running through the forest © Mr.Srirath Somsawat

公园内设有自行车道、林荫小径、木板路、疗愈花园、阳光草坪和带有露天剧场的滨水凉亭等，适合各个年龄段的群体使用。经过翻新的工厂建筑还将成为博物馆和体育中心，并通过光伏屋顶、高天花板通风系统和具有净化室内空气作用的树木在有限的预算内实现建筑节能。

Variety of spaces, inclusive for all ages and groups are integrated such as bicycle ways, path under tree canopies, boardwalk, healing garden, sunshine lawn and a waterfront pa-vilion with an amphitheater. The renovated factory buildings will also become museums and sports centers with sun-roofs, high ceiling ventilation systems and trees for indoor air quality will make the buildings energy-efficient within limited budget.

Benjakittis森林公园将为城市创造一个整体性的生态系统，同时为曼谷市民提供一个生物多样的植物教室。

Creating a holistic ecosystem for the city, this forest park will become a biodiverse botanical classroom for Bangkokians.

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