瓦莱塔城门重建 | 历史与现代的完美融合_景观_设计案例作品

发布时间：2015-05-08 20:48:00 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

设计亮点

通过拆除后期扩建，恢复大桥到 1633 年的“丁力门”尺寸，强调过路人再次有过一座真正的桥的感觉，并让他们看到沟渠和防御工事。

架构师提供的文本描述。“城门”项目包括完全重组马耳他首都瓦莱塔的主要入口。该项目由四个部分组成：瓦莱塔城门及其位于城墙外的场地、前皇家歌剧院废墟内露天剧场“机器”的设计、新议会大楼的建造以及沟渠的美化。

Text description provided by the architects. The ‘City Gate’ project takes in the complete reorganisation of the principal entrance to the Maltese capital of Valletta. The project comprises four parts: the Valletta City Gate and its site immediately outside the city walls, the design for an open-air theatre ‘machine’ within the ruins of the former Royal opera house, the construction of a new Parliament building and the landscaping of the ditch.

Master Plan

大门，沟渠和城墙。

The gate, the ditch and the city walls.

桥梁的宽度通常与其长度有关。然而，穿过沟渠通往瓦莱塔城门的桥梁，随着时间的推移不断扩大，直到它失去了最初的形状和功能，成为更多的城市广场而不是桥梁。

A bridge’s width is usually defined in relation to its length. However, the bridge leading across the ditch to the Valletta City Gate had been repeatedly enlarged over time until it had lost both its initial shape and function, becoming more city square than bridge.

为了解决这一相当令人不满意的改造，该项目的重点是通过拆除以后的扩建，将大桥恢复到 1633 年的“丁力门”尺寸。这让过路人再次有过一座真正的桥的感觉，并让他们看到沟渠和防御工事。

With the aim of resolving this rather unsatisfactory transformation, the project focuses on returning the bridge to its 1633 ‘Dingli’s Gate’ dimensions, by demolishing later additions. This allows passers-by to once again have the sensation of crossing a real bridge, and gives them views of the ditch and fortifications.

瓦莱塔的第一扇城门，很可能是穿过城市城墙的一条隧道，这些年来一直被改造，大大改变了一个坚固的城门的形象。最近一次修改是 50 年前完成的，包括拆除 3200 万米的城墙，扭曲城市入口的影响。

Valletta’s first city gate, which was probably a single tunnel through the city’s ramparts, has been remodelled through the years, considerably altering the image of a fortified city gate. The most recent modification, completed 50 years ago, involved demolishing 32m of the city wall,distorting the impact of the entrance into the city.

因此，该项目的第一个目标是恢复城墙原有的深度和力量感，加强城市入口的狭窄，同时开放共和国街的景观。新的城门是墙的“缺口”，只有 8 米宽。原始防御工事与重建工事之间的关系是通过插入强大的 60 毫米厚的钢“刀片”，从新旧之间的墙壁切入，清楚地表明了这一点。

The first objective of the project was therefore to reinstate the ramparts’ original feeling of depth and strength and to reinforce the narrowness of the entrance to the city, while opening up views of Republic Street. The new city gate is a ‘breach’ in the wall only 8m wide. The relationship between the original fortifications and those that have been reconstructed is made clear by the insertion of powerful 60mm-thick steel ‘blades’ that slice through the wall between old and new.

这次重建的关键是打开通往天空的大门。教皇皮乌斯五世街 (Pope Pius V Street) 原先紧靠大门内的一段已被拆除，取而代之的是通往新大门两侧的两条宽阔、缓缓倾斜的台阶，灵感来自于自由广场 (Freedom Square) 建成前的楼梯。这些楼梯连接圣詹姆斯骑士团和圣约翰骑士队的堡垒到共和国街下层。这一重新安排使堡垒从以前遮蔽他们的拱廊中解放出来，使他们能够被看到他们的高度和力量。

The key element of this redevelopment was opening the gate to the sky. The section of Pope Pius V Street that formerly ran immediately inside the gate at a raised level has been demolished and replaced by two wide, gently sloping flights of steps to each side of the new gate, inspired by the stairs that had framed the gate before the construction of Freedom Square. These stairs link the bastions of St James’s Cavalier and St John’s Cavalier to the lower level Republic Street. This rearrangement frees the fortifications from the arcade that formerly obscured them, allowing them to be seen to their full height and power.

大门和沟渠之间将有一道楼梯和一架电梯，可以俯瞰全景式景色，让游客可以到沟渠的深处，现在已经种上了花园。原来占据沟渠的停车场已被郁郁葱葱、令人耳目一新的花园所取代-- 这是散步或放松的理想场所，是一个非常宜人的新探索空间。在这里也可以在历史背景下举办露天活动。

The gate and the ditch will be linked by a stairway and a lift with panoramic views, allowing visitors to descend to the depths of the ditch, now planted with gardens. The car park that formerly occupied the ditch has been replaced by lush, refreshing gardens – an ideal place for a stroll or relaxation, a very pleasant new space to explore. Open-air events can also be organised here against the historical backdrop.

新城门的建筑很拘谨，给人一种力量和紧缩的印象，去掉了多余的装饰，破坏了它永恒的、诚实的品质。它的锥形形状和两根巨大的钢杆，每根高 25 米，足以把瓦莱塔城门的位置借给墙上的这个缺口。

The architecture of the new city gate is very restrained, giving an impression of strength and austerity, stripped of extraneous decoration that would undermine its timeless, honest quality. Its tapered shape and the two great steel poles, each 25m high, are enough to lend this breach in the wall the status of the Valletta City Gate.

大门是由巨大的石块组成的，用高钢“刀刃”分隔和框架，用来突出旧的和新的-- 钢和石头在自然，力量和历史的对话中的交汇点。一个新的‘硬石’采石场在戈佐特别开放，为这个项目提供石头。

The gateway is made of immense blocks of stone, delimited and framed by the tall steel ‘blades’ that are used to highlight the junction of old and new – steel and stone in a dialogue of nature, strength and history. A new ‘hard stone’ quarry on Gozo was opened up specifically to provide stone for this project.

议会，一个对环境负责的建筑

The Parliament, an environmentally responsible building

议会大厦由两块巨大的石头砌成，在细长的柱子上保持平衡，给建筑一种轻盈的感觉，整体上尊重现有街道布局的线条。最北端的街区主要移交给议会会议厅，而南部街区则容纳议会办公室的成员以及总理和反对党领袖的办公室。

The parliament building is made up of two massive blocks in stone that are balanced on slender columns to give the building a sense of lightness, the whole respecting the line of the existing street layout. The northernmost block is principally given over to the parliament chamber, while the south block accommodates members of parliament’s offices and the offices of the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition.

创造一个多孔的城市街区是最前沿的建筑体积设计。这两个街区之间有一个中央庭院，这也是建筑物的主要入口。庭院的构思是这样的，从共和国街到圣詹姆斯骑士团的视野不会被遮挡。新议会大楼与圣詹姆斯骑士团堡垒分离，突显出圣詹姆斯骑士团的结构和历史规模是圣詹姆斯城堡防御工事的一部分。

Creating a porous urban block was at the forefront of the building’s volumetric design. The two blocks are separated by a central courtyard, which also serves as the main entrance to the building. The courtyard is conceived in such a way that views through to St James’s Cavalier from Republic Street are not obscured. The new parliament building is detached from the St James’s Cavalier bastion, highlighting the latter’s structure and historic size as part of the city’s fortifications.

West Elevation

西向立面图

议会的立面是用坚硬的石头完成的。这块石头被雕刻得好像被太阳的方向和周围的景色侵蚀了一样，创造了一种功能齐全的装置，可以过滤太阳辐射，同时允许内部的自然日光，同时保持建筑物的景观。这些正面的每一块都是由一台数控机器雕刻而成的。其结果是一座适合其历史背景的石头建筑，同时也是尖端技术的产物。

The parliament’s facades are finished in solid stone. This stone has been sculpted as though eroded by the direction of the sun and the views around it, creating a fully functional device that filters solar radiation while allowing natural daylight inside, all the while maintaining views from the building. Each of these blocks of facade has been sculpted by a numerically controlled machine. The result is a stone architecture that is fitting for its historic context but also the product of cutting-edge technology. © Michel Denance

一般来说，是建筑物底层的密度和活力使其生机勃勃，带动了建筑物其他部分的大量活动；这里的底层是一个灵活的文化空间，配备了全方位的多媒体服务。这是一个临时或永久性展览的理想空间，从大楼外面都可以看到，作为瓦莱塔入口处的文化前哨。

Generally it is the density and dynamism of a building’s ground floor that brings it to life, driving a hive of activity in the rest of the building; this is how the ground floor was conceived here, as a flexible cultural space, fully fitted out with a full range of multimedia services. It is an ideal space for temporary or permanent exhibitions, all fully visible from outside the building, serving as a sort of cultural outpost at the entrance to Valletta.

某些组织和与议会有关的活动将被安置在大楼的地下室层，该层将打开一个栽植的、有阴影的庭院。马耳他旧铁路隧道还连接到这一较低层次的花园空间，修复了曾经用作车库的旧地下结构，并使公众能够进入。

Certain organisations and parliament-related activities will be housed on the building’s basement level, which opens onto a planted, shaded courtyard. The old Malta railway tunnel is also connected to this lower level garden space, restoring the old underground structure that had been used as a garage, and making it accessible to the public.

能源使用和环境考虑是这座建筑设计的主要组成部分。一方面，石头被用于建筑物的正面，以减少太阳热量的增加，并允许自然通风。石头作为建筑物地热换热器的一部分也是有效的，有 40 个地热井钻入岩石，深度 140 米，低于海平面 100 米。

Energy use and environmental considerations are principal components in the design of this building. On the one hand, stone is used for the building’s facade to diminish solar heat gain and to allow natural ventilation. Stone is also effective as part of the building’s geothermal heat exchanger, with 40 geothermal boreholes sunk into rock to depths of 140m, 100m below sea-level. © Michel Denance

此外，屋顶上覆盖着 600 平方米的光伏电池板-- 这是一项雄心勃勃的能源战略，允许该建筑产生 80% 的冬季取暖所需能源和 60% 的夏季降温所需能源。

In addition, the roof is covered with 600 sq m of photovoltaic panels – an ambitious energy strategy that allows the building to generate 80% of the energy required to heat it in the winter and 60% of its requirements to cool it in the summer months.

Architects Renzo Piano Building Workshop

Location Ordinance, Valletta, Malta

Category Refurbishment

Partners in Charge A.Belvedere, B. Plattner

Project Year 2015

Photographs Michel Denance

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