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▲ 轻松柔软的校园主入口 ©张超

项目背景

在高速发展的城市中，高密度和标准化也渗透到了小学校园的建设中。新沙小学是深圳市规划和自然资源局福田管理局发起的“福田新校园行动计划——8+1建筑联展”活动中的一所校园，尝试探索城市中小学校园的新类型。

新沙小学位于深圳市福田区。校园占地1.1万平方米，在拆除的老校址上新建总建筑面积约为3.7万平方米的校舍，需容纳36个班，另配5间机动教室。场地周边的城市肌理丰富多元，尤其是校园东面紧邻两排七层高的城中村小楼，楼栋紧密而整齐地排列，形成特有的场地边界。基地北边贴着办公楼和高层住宅小区用地，西侧是12米宽的新洲三路，南侧是7米宽的新洲七路，街对面的住宅底商为社区生活带来了蓬勃活力。

Project background. Xinsha Primary School is a part of the "8+1 Futian New Campus Action Plan" initiated by the Shenzhen Municipal Planning Bureau, trying to explore a new type of Primary school campus under the high-density requirement. The campus occupies an area of 11,000 square meters. A new school building with a total construction area of about 37,000 square meters was designed on the demolished old school site, accommodating 36 classes and 5 reserved classrooms.

▲ S型教学楼布局 ©张超

▲ 沿新洲三街的社区公共空间 ©张超

▲ 野生感的街景 ©张超

为了重建学校和社区邻里间的关系，我们决定避免使用围墙。通过设计骑楼，在校园与城市边界上创造出友好的空间关系。我们想象中的理想学校图景是：孩子们充满活力面带笑容地在校园各处奔跑和游戏。所以校园主入口的设计呈现出如同公园景观入口般亲切、柔和的气氛。

In order to rebuild the harmonious relationship between the campus and the neighborhood, we decided to avoid using fences and designed an arcade instead. The picture of the ideal school in our imagination is that children are running and playing all over the campus with vigorous and smiling faces. Therefore, the design of the main entrance as its representation presents a natural and soft atmosphere like a park landscaped entrance.

▲ 入口树形柱和“小动物”扶手 ©张超

▲ 沿新洲三街的社区公共空间 ©一十一建筑

骑楼

大部分的小学校园都会沿校园建围栏来制造明确的分界，而我们设计了骑楼，在校园与城市边界上创造出友好、柔软的空间关系。建筑首层沿西边的新洲三街退让出3米，南边的新洲七街退让出4米，拓宽了老城紧窄的人行道。沿骑楼布置的长凳，为学生家长和社区居民提供了遮阳避雨的休闲长廊。抬头仰望，还能看到学生们在平台上游戏，听到他们的嬉闹声。沿着街道排列着10米多高的茂盛的道旁树，为了呼应这种野生感的街景，骑楼斜顶采用了木纹混凝土，墙面也采用了具有粗糙质感的陶砖。

The relationship between the campus and the city. The benches arranged along the arcade provide a resting space for students' parents and community residents with the shade and a shelter from the rain. Looking up, you can see students playing on the platform and hear their romp. There are lush roadside trees more than 10m high along the street. And, in order to echo this wild streetscape, the ceiling of the arcade is made of wood-textured concrete, and the walls are made of rough-textured terracotta tiles.

▲ 抬高的校园平台 ©张超

▲ 城市十字路口街角 ©张超

规划

条件和特批

骑楼空间在红线内，原本是学校用地，通过社区共享改善城市空间，学校获得规划局“大平台沿街零退线，建筑外墙退红线3m”的特批（原退线为6m），从而获得了更多的建筑用地和校园活动空间。

骑楼首层沿街布置的图书馆和餐厅与校外仅一墙之隔，我们用两种设计处理该墙面：一种是大块的玻璃固定扇，保证了采光和视线交流；另一种是内侧可开启玻璃窗外侧水平陶棍格栅，在自然通风的同时确保了校内安全。

Planning regulations and special approval. The library and restaurant arranged along the street on the first floor of the arcade are separated from the outside by just a wall. We developed two designs of the wall in order to deal with the sensitive edge of the campus: one is a large fixed glass that ensures lighting and sight; the other is the louver made of horizontal terracotta bars and operable glass windows inside that ensure the natural ventilation with safety. The arcade space is within the site boundary and is owned by the school. Through its community sharing to improve the urban space, the school was granted special approval by the Planning Bureau of “less building step-back”, gaining a large platform at the second-floor level.

▲ 骑楼的设计 ©一十一建筑

▲ 从街上看骑楼内的图书馆 ©张超

▲ 从图书馆室内看两种开窗 ©张超

主题游乐场

孩子是天生的探索家，他们喜欢自由自在地利用空间来创造游戏，并在游戏中学习。我们为学校设计了多样的“主题游乐场”空间，而这些主题，不是通过商业化的主题性装饰，而是通过空间形态设计来获得，孩子们在不同主题的空间里自由地开展与之相关的活动；在新沙小学的校园里，有绿森林、浮桥、巷弄、三角山丘、圆顶城堡、入口山道、天台农场等。我们从景观角度进行建筑设计，使坚硬的建筑变得柔软，协调建筑与人的尺度，创造丰富的空间体验。

Theme playground. Children are natural explorers. They like to use space freely to create original play and learn in the play. We have designed a variety of "themed playground" spaces for the school, and these themes are not obtained through commercial thematic decorations, but through the design of spatial forms. Children can freely develop related play and activities in different theme playgrounds. On the campus of this school, there are “Green forest”, “Village alley”, “Triangular hills”, “Dome castles”, “Hill road”, “Rooftop farms”, etc. We carried out architectural design from the perspective of the landscape, making hard buildings soft, coordinating the scale of buildings and people, and creating a rich spatial experience.

▲ 设计策略：平台建筑和主题游乐场 ©一十一建筑

柔软的表现

我们想象中的理想学校图景是：孩子们充满活力、面带笑容地在校园各处奔跑和游戏。所以校园主入口的设计应呈现出如同公园景观入口般亲切、柔和的气氛。在新型教育理念中，教学的核心是“学生”，要激发学生内在的探索和创新力。因此，小学校园也应该是自由的、柔软的，而非坚硬的。

Architectural space and children's body. Our team is responsible for the architecture, landscape, and interior design of the entire campus. In the design process, making scenes of lively activities with smiles on children’s faces is one of our goals. If children engage in happy activities outside the classroom in their daily lives, their concentration and enthusiasm for classroom learning will naturally increase. When we set this goal, the architectural design method will be adjusted accordingly: the design that can make children smile should be closer to the children's body and experience, stimulating their exploration and imagination. Following this idea, we began to consider the size of the space suitable for children and focused on the color and texture of the material. This design method is closer to landscape design than architectural design.

▲ 分散在校园各处的主题游乐场 ©一十一建筑

南院

绿森林

：位于南庭院首层，正对着图书馆。尺度为13米×26米的庭院里种满各种茂盛的花草树木。庭院抬高到距离地面75厘米的高度，学生围绕着庭院散步时，视线聚焦在这些植物上。一条穿梭在树木之间上到二层的弧形步道，让孩子们多维度地感知和体验真实的自然。

▲ 南庭院绿森林 ©张超

▲ 绿森林浮桥 ©ACF

▲ 南庭院绿森林 ©张超

北院

三角山丘

：北庭院设计有山丘微地形和三个锥形天窗，孩子们可以围着天窗奔跑，用身体感知地面的高低起伏。一个大斜坡将二层北院和下面的裙楼架空层连接，为裙楼深处带来采光和通风，增强了校园大平台上下的联系和互动。

▲ 北庭院 ©张超

▲ 三角山丘 ©张超

▲ 锥形天窗 ©ACF

▲ 锥形天窗山丘下方裙楼架空层活动区 ©张超

红堡

：综合楼是一栋四层高的独栋建筑，内有音乐、舞蹈、器乐等综合教室。其半圆拱形钢筋混凝土壳体屋顶，为顶层的舞蹈教室带来一个17米×14米的无柱大空间，内侧采用了木纹模板浇注，表面粗糙、原始。动态的空间和粗犷的质感，暗示了该建筑自由、野生的艺术内核。

▲ 文体综合楼“红堡” ©ACF

平台建筑

教学楼通过双面走廊、阳台的设计，使楼面连通成一层层的平台。根据规范，教室临空窗台最小高度为90厘米，而目前新建学校窗台往往高过1.2米。小学生就算是站着也不容易看到窗外景色，教室缺乏开放感，从外面看就像封闭的盒子。因为有外阳台，新沙小学的教室窗台高度只有50厘米，一年级的学生坐在座位上也能看到窗外的都市景观，教室从而开放成平台上的活动空间。外阳台还有水平遮阳、种植绿化、清洁外窗、检修空调等优势。

平台外侧的护栏代替窗间墙成为重要的建筑立面表情。我们避免采用“框架柱+细杆”的传统护栏样式，而用粗细圆柱前后错位排列成三维空间，以弱化护栏作为“围挡”的隔绝感。栏杆选用亮绿色，强调了平台的存在感。

Platform architecture. Because of the design of corridors and balconies surrounding the functional rooms, the teaching building appears layered slabs. According to the building regulations, the minimum height of the window sill is 90cm, and that of many new schools is often designed higher than 1.2m. It is difficult for students to look out the scenery even if they stand up. Thanks to the external balconies, the window sill of the classroom of Xinsha Primary school is only 50cm high. The first-grade students can see outside while sitting on their seats, and the classrooms are thus opened to became an activity space on the platform. The external balconies also have the advantages of horizontal shading, allocating plants, cleaning the external windows, and maintaining the air conditioners.

▲ 舞蹈教室，屋顶为木模板清水混凝土拱顶 ©ACF

▲ 没有盒子，只有活动空间 ©一十一建筑

▲ 50cm高的教室窗台 ©一十一建筑

▲ 平台上的景观装置 ©张超

标护栏设计

平台外侧的护栏代替窗间墙成为重要的建筑立面表情。我们避免采用框架柱+细杆的传统护栏样式，而用粗细圆柱前后错位排列成三维空间以弱化护栏作为“围挡”的隔绝感。栏杆选用亮绿色，强调平台的存在感。

Guardrail design. The guardrail of the teaching building replaced the solid balustrade wall and became an important building facade expression. We avoided using the conventional guardrail style of frame columns + thin rods and used thick and thin columns to be arranged in three-dimensional space to weaken the sense segregation and strengthen the sense of lightness. The bright green color was applied on the railings to emphasize the presence of the continuous platform.

▲ 护栏设计 ©张超

▲ 玉田村的5个“小动物” ©一十一建筑

▲ 玉田村的“小动物” ©一十一建筑

景观装置

新沙小学入口台阶上匍匐着几只行走中的草绿色“小动物”，既像扶手，又像雕塑，一点儿也不“建筑”。这样的“小动物”躲藏在校园大大小小的公共空间里，等着学生们找到它们一起玩。这一设计的原型来自于团队在深圳玉田村社区营造项目中设计的5个特殊形状的座凳，在城中村的都市丛林里和大家捉迷藏。

新沙小学在此基础上发展出一共49件形态各异的景观装置。我们在校园设计些装置有两个意义：首先，这些装置既可以作为景观家具或游乐设施使用，又可以创造交流的场所，在与之互动时，孩子们用自己的身体感知空间，自由地创造游戏，并学习如何与同伴交流；第二，这些装置创造了适合儿童尺度的空间。从孩童视角来看，空旷的建筑显得过于庞大而单调，而景观装置则可以在尺度上连接大的建筑空间和小的孩童身体。

Landscape installation. On the entrance steps of Xinsha Primary school, there are a few walking grass-green "little animals", which are like handrails and sculptures, and they are not "architectural" at all. Such "little animals" hide in small public spaces on campus, waiting for students to find them and play with them. The prototype comes from the five special-shaped stools designed for the Yutian Village Community Project in Shenzhen. They play hide-and-seek in the urban jungle of the city village. On this basis, Xinsha has developed a total of 49 landscape installations of various shapes. The design has two meanings. First, these installations can be used as landscape furniture or amusement facilities, and can also create a place for communication. When interacting with them, children use their bodies to perceive the space and create a new play together with friends; Second, these installations create a space suitable for the scale of children. From the perspective of children, the teaching building appears too large and monotonous, while landscape installations can connect large architectural spaces with small children's bodies.

▲ 平台上的景观装置 ©ACF

▲ 平台上的景观装置 ©张超

▲ 平台上的景观装置 ©张超

结构设计与BIM设计

设计合作单位深圳天华，作为图纸报建主体单位，负责了全专业施工图设计。在结构设计方面，新沙小学教学楼主要采用框-剪结构，对于校园中的大尺度和特色空间，则是采用大跨度钢梁（风雨操场、游泳馆）、型钢混凝土梁（悬挑4m骑楼）、钢管混凝土柱（入口树杈柱），圆拱钢筋混凝土薄壳（红堡）等特殊结构形式来满足空间使用需求。并且在多层建筑限高的条件下，通过严格控制梁高、部分管线穿梁的措施，使室内净高得到保证。

Structural and BIM design. Shenzhen Tianhua is responsible for the design and submission of the construction drawings. In terms of structural design, the teaching building of Xinsha Primary School mainly adopts a frame-shear wall structure. Special structures such as large span steel beams(indoor play court and swimming pavilion), steel-concrete composite structure（4m’s cantilevered arcade), concrete-filled steel tube columns（the tree-shaped column at the entrance,) thin-shell concrete (red fortress,) is adopted to meet the needs of the various spaces. The clear space height is guaranteed by strictly controlling the beam height and some embedded pipelines through concrete beams.

项目采用了正向BIM设计，在设计阶段各专业就在三维模型里进行空间整合和管线综合，交付成果为三维BIM模型和二维图纸，提供三维图纸进行施工交底，并指导现场施工。内部使各专业协调更充分，外部与甲方、合作方进行的设计交底更加便捷高效。

BIM forward design as applied in this project. In the design stage, each discipline performs spatial integration and pipeline synthesis in the 3D model. The deliverables are 3D BIM models and 2D drawings. 3D drawings are provided for construction and used to guide on-site construction. BIM makes the collaboration of all professions more smooth and makes the communication between architects, clients, contractors, and other related parties more efficient.

社区共享

8+1联展的另一个目标是探索向城市开放的校园。新沙小学的建成环境带有明显的开放感，将来可以从管理上进一步将学校开放给社区共享。除了通向二层校园的入口山道，我们还设计了首层入口，连通裙楼内贯通南北的6m宽中央长廊，沿着长廊可以直达裙楼内的图书馆、食堂、多功能厅、室内恒温泳池和体育馆，且不会和上方的教学流线交叉，方便在节假日开放给学生和社区使用。

Community sharing. Another goal of the “8+1 New Campus Action Plan” is to explore campus design that is open to the community. The built environment of Xinsha Primary School has a clear sense of openness. In the future, the school can be further opened for community sharing with the management arrangement. In addition to the main entrance leading to the second-floor platform, we also designed the first-floor entrance, which connected to the 6m-wide central corridor in the podium. It can directly reach the library, canteen, multi-function hall, indoor swimming pool, and gymnasium, and will not cross the teaching flow line above, which is convenient for students and the community to share this campus during holidays.

项目图纸

▲ 总平面图 ©一十一建筑

▲ 一层平面 ©一十一建筑

▲ 二层平面 ©一十一建筑

▲ 三层平面 ©一十一建筑

▲ 北院剖面南院剖面 ©一十一建筑

完整项目信息

项目名称：深圳市福田新沙小学

项目类型：建筑/景观/室内

项目地点：深圳市福田区新洲七街66号

设计单位：一十一建筑 11ARCHITECTURE

主创建筑师：谢菁、FUJIMORI Ryo

设计团队完整名单：罗明钢（项目建筑师）、许森茂、周子豪、张晓骏、何奕君、蔡梓莹、袁玉林

业主：深圳市福田区教育局

代建方：深圳市万科城市建设管理有限公司

代建单位设计 / 工程总负责人：喻强 / 赵俭

造价：建安费5890元/平方米

建成状态：建成

设计时间：2018年—2019年

建成时间：2021年

用地面积：11328平方米

建筑面积：约3.7万平方米

施工图设计：深圳市天华建筑设计有限公司

施工图设计人员：王皓、陈露、冯居正、伍颖梅、孙慧（建筑）；刘畅、刘振东、牛宇龙、何俊（结构）；葛焕楠、马瀚笙（给排水）；郑洁野、关永立（暖通）；薛清峰、金庆友（电气）

景观施工图设计：GND杰地景观

室内施工图设计：深圳界内界外设计有限公司

摄影：张超

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