在阿尔巴尼亚首都的中心地带，一个新型文化中心现已向公众开放。地拉那金字塔，最初是为纪念共产主义统治者恩维尔-霍查而建的博物馆，MVRDV对其进行了彻底的改造。地拉那金字塔重新利用了混凝土结构，现在成为了一个全新公园中的开放式雕塑。公园和雕塑容纳了一个个五颜六色的盒子，这些盒子散布在原有建筑内部和它的周围，成为一个个咖啡馆、工作室、工作坊、创业办公室、育成中心、节庆场所，以及供阿尔巴尼亚青年免费学习各种技术知识的教室。建筑倾斜的立面被加装了台阶，让阿尔巴尼亚人民可以在这位前统治者的杰作上自由漫步。

In the heart of Albania’s capital city, a new kind of cultural hub is now open and accessible to the public. The Pyramid of Tirana, originally built as a museum dedicated to the communist dictator Enver Hoxha, has been dramatically transformed by MVRDV. Reusing the concrete structure, the Pyramid is now an open sculpture in a new park. The park and the sculpture are home to an ensemble of colourful boxes, scattered in and around the original building that now house cafés, studios, workshops, start-up offices, incubators, festivals, and classrooms where Albanian youth will learn various technology subjects for free. Steps have been added to the building’s sloping façades, allowing the people of Albania to literally walk all over the showpiece of the former dictator.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view © Ossip van Duivenbode

地拉那金字塔不久前还是一个建筑工地，但自去年夏天它已经被使用得很频繁。阿尔巴尼亚人在欣赏城市美景的同时，也发现了金字塔这块沉寂的宝地。随着欧盟峰会的召开，以及在10月16日TUMO机构正式将此作为阿尔巴尼亚青少年的免费教育机构，金字塔现在正式地回归群众。

Even though Tirana’s Pyramid was until recently a building site, it was already heavily in use the past summer. Besides Albanians enjoying the city views, the Pyramid was also discovered by tourists as a hidden gem. With an EU Summit and the official inauguration of the building as a free educational faculty for Albanian teens by TUMO on October 16th, the Pyramid is now officially giving back to the people.

▼项目概览，overview of the building © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼项目俯瞰，top view of the building © Ossip van Duivenbode

地拉那金字塔最初于1988年作为博物馆开放，之后历经多舛命运。自共产党政权退场后，这座建筑曾被用作广播电台、夜店、会议中心、广播中心，以及在1999年科索沃战争期间，这里还曾是北约的基地。由于用途不断变化，加之以前不完整的翻修计划，留下的是各种修修补补的改建痕迹，使得内部杂乱无章，光线昏暗。近几十年来，如何处理这座建筑的问题一直备受争议。不过，2015年公布的一项研究表明，大多数阿尔巴尼亚人反对拆除这座建筑。在2017年，政府宣布将改造这座混凝土巨物，人民的意愿得到了尊重。在阿尔巴尼亚-美利坚发展基金会（AADF）和地拉那市政府（Municipality of Tirana）的帮助下，这一承诺得以成为可能，并决定将该建筑改造成一个培育阿尔巴尼亚年轻人的温室。

▼改造步骤，transformation procedure diagram © MVRDV

First opened as a museum in 1988, the Pyramid of Tirana has led numerous lives. Since the fall of the communist regime, the building was variously used as a radio station, a nightclub, a conference venue, a broadcast centre and, during the 1999 Kosovo War, a base for NATO. The ever-changing uses, along with incomplete previous renovation plans, left behind a patchwork of alterations that made the interior cluttered and dark. In recent decades, the question of what to do with the building proved highly controversial. A study published in 2015, however, showed that the majority of Albanians were opposed to demolishing the building, and in 2017 this desire was honoured when the government announced plans to transform the concrete monolith. This promise was carried out with the help of the Albanian- American Development Foundation (AADF) and the Municipality of Tirana, with the decision made to turn the building into a nurturing environment for young Albanians.

▼从公园望向建筑，viewing from the park © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼原有的斜坡被加装台阶，steps rise up the sloping sides © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼各个年龄段的人都可以爬到这座大厦的屋顶，people of all ages can climb to the top of the building using steps © Ossip van Duivenbode

对众多阿尔巴尼亚人民来说，这座金字塔是战胜强权的象征，MVRDV的设计灵感正来自于人们对这座建筑的使用方式。在独裁者去世后，这座破败不堪的建筑长期以来一直是地拉那年轻人的聚集地，他们爬上倾斜的梁，然后再从上面一路滑下来，即使这样十分危险。现在，通过沿斜坡铺设的台阶，各个年龄段的人都可以爬到这座大厦的屋顶。在西侧，一部升降机可以让那些无法攀爬台阶的人直抵金字塔的顶端，同时，一根斜梁上保留了部分坡道，人们仍然可以沿着它滑到底部。

▼道路连接网络，connections diagram © MVRDV

▼概念示意图，concept diagram © MVRDV

For many Albanians the Pyramid is a symbol of victory over the regime, and MVRDV ’s design was inspired by the way that they had reclaimed the building. After the death of the dictator, t he deteriorating structure had long served as a hangout spot for Tirana’s youth, who would climb the sloping beams and – not without risk – slide back down. Now, steps rise up the sloping sides, allowing people of all ages to climb to the top of the building. On the western side, a lift gives access to the top of the Pyramid for those who can’t climb the steps, while one beam incorporates a sloped section where people can still slide to the bottom.

▼金字塔顶，top of the pyramid © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼通向塔顶的阶梯与人群，steps rising up to the top and the crowd © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼金字塔顶的聚集空间，social gathering space on the top of the biilding © Ossip van Duivenbode

MVRDV的创始合伙人Winy Maas说道：“当我第一次看到地拉那的年轻人走上走下金字塔时，我被它的象征意义和不可思议的乐观精神深深打动了”，“这是这个共产主义国家有史以来最昂贵的建筑，而彼时受压迫的阿尔巴尼亚人民正生活在水深火热之中，考虑到此，我们在改造过程中移除了所有美化独裁的标志。我们的确保留了一些原来的细节，让游客也能了解这座建筑的黑暗过去。这座建筑作为公园中的废墟，完全向公众开放。所有的盒子都 ‘窃居’在建筑内外。这座金字塔曾被讽刺性地称为‘恩维尔-霍查之墓’，如今改造后已成为一座纪念碑，纪念人民的隐忍并战胜独裁者的力量。”

“The first time I saw the Pyramid being walked all over by the youth of Tirana, I was deeply touched by its symbolism and by its incredible optimism”, says MVRDV founding partner Winy Maas. “Keeping in mind this was the most expensive building the communist state had ever realised in a time when the oppressed Albanian population was living in poverty, we removed all symbols glorifying the dictatorship in our transformation. We did keep some of the original details so visitors are also aware of the building ’s dark past. The structure is completely open as a ruin in the park, and all these boxes are ‘squatting ’ in and around the structure. Once sardonically called the ‘Enver Hoxha Mausoleum’, the transformed Pyramid has now become a monument for the people and their ability to overcome and outlive dictators . ”

▼人群活动，the playing youth © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼俯瞰内部， looking downwards inside © Ossip van Duivenbode

MVRDV设计团队的这个作品将现存结构包裹起来，并以该结构为蓝本，增建了这些可供公众使用、用于教育和活动的空间以及盒子。这一摞摞五彩缤纷盒子容纳着教育和活动空间，散落在建筑内外。甚至在建筑顶部和建筑前面的公园里也有这些色彩鲜艳的加建物，使周围环境充满了节日氛围，甚至是一种庆祝“占领”的气氛。

The work of MVRDV’s design team encompasses and encircles the existing structure, using the structure as a blueprint to which publicly accessible spaces and boxes for education and events were added. A stack of coloured boxes containing rooms for education and events are scattered in and around the structure and the park. These colourful additions are also found on top of the structure, and in the park at the front of the building, giving the surroundings the atmosphere of a festival and even a “squatted” area.

▼内部概览， interior overview © Ossip van Duivenbode

大约一半的空间将用于非营利性教育机构“TUMO地拉那”的办公空间，该机构为12至18岁的学生提供免费的课后教育，内容包括软件、机器人、动画、音乐和电影制作等新技术。TUMO于2011年在亚美尼亚成立，随后扩展到整个欧洲。它帮助提供教育和机会，成为防止“人才外流”及其对阿尔巴尼亚之类的国家造成的经济威胁的工具。另一半的彩色盒子将向公众开放，为咖啡馆、餐馆、创业办公室和实验室、培养中心、工作室等提供租赁空间。

Around half of these spaces will house non-profit educational institution TUMO Tirana, which provides free afterschool education for 12- to 18-year-olds in new techniques such as software, robotics, animation, music, and film. Founded in Armenia in 2011 and since then spreading throughout Europe, TUMO helps to provide education and opportunities that can be a tool against the “brain drain” that threatens the economy of countries like Albania. The other half of the coloured boxes will be accessible to the public, hosting rental spaces for cafés, restaurants, start-up offices and labs, incubators, studio spaces, and more.

▼五颜六色的盒子被用于教育事业和对外出租， colorful boxes used as education program and for public rental © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼室内公共空间，interior public space © Ossip van Duivenbode

金字塔的改造展示了如何使一座建筑在适应新时代要求的同时保留其复杂的历史，并证明了历史悠久的粗野主义建筑是再利用的理想选择。该项目还实现了联合国提出的一系列可持续发展目标（SDGs）。团队没有浪费性地拆除建筑，而是根据循环经济原则对粗野的混凝土外壳进行了改造。由于只有新增的用于教育事业的盒子需要气温和通风调节，而该建筑的绝大多数区域在一年中的大部分时间都对周边开放，因此节省了能源消耗。建筑的新用途推动了社会的可持续发展，其教育项目促进了教育事业的发展，为下一代的成功打下基础。

The transformation of the Pyramid shows how a building can be made suitable for a new era, while at the same time preserving its complex history, and demonstrates that historic brutalist buildings are ideal for reuse. The project also meets a number of the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. Rather than wastefully demolish the structure, its robust concrete shell is adapted along circular economy principles. As the majority of the structure is open to the surroundings for most of the year, only the added boxes housing the educational program need to be climate-controlled, reducing energy consumption. Social sustainability is advanced in the building’s new use, with the educational programme advancing education and preparing the next generation for success.

▼金字塔夜景概览，overview of pyramid at night © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼整体夜景外观，overall appearance at night © Ossip van Duivenbode

▼金字塔顶夜景，top of pyramid at night © Ossip van Duivenbode

Facts Project Name: The Pyramid of Tirana Location: Tirana, Albania Year: 2018-2023 Client: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF) Size and Programme: 11,835m2 – educational facility, commercial, public space Max Height: 24.5m Height (Pyramid centre): 20.2m

Credits Architect: MVRDV Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas Partner: Stefan de Koning Design Team: Ronald Hoogeveen, Stavros Gargaretas, Guido Boeters, Angel Sanchez Navarro, Boris Tikvarski, Jasper van der Ven, Mirco Facchinelli, Manuel Magnaguagno, Leo Stuckardt Visualisations: Antonio Luca Coco, Luca Piattelli, Jaroslaw Jeda, Luana La Martina, Gianlorenzo Petrini Strategy and Development: Willeke Vester, Daan van Gool Copyright: MVRDV Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries

Partners: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF), Municipality of Tirana; Albania Ministry of Culture Education partner: TUMO Tirana Co-architect: iRI Architecture Contractor: Fusha shpk Project coordination: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF) Landscape architect: iRI; JESHILE; MVRDV Structural engineer: ARUP; Gentian Lipe; Luan Murtaj MEP: ARUP; iRI; Nikolin Risilia; Artur Dado; Isuf Kore Monuments Expert: Daniel Gjoni Cost calculation: iRI Architecture Environmental advisor: Arben Liçi Photographs: © Ossip van Duivenbode