Krushi Bhawan行政中心，印度 / Studio Lotus_公共空间_设计案例作品

发布时间：2023-10-14 18:52:35 {{ caseViews }} {{ caseCollects }}

Krushi Bhawan是为奥里萨邦政府农业和农民权利部门打造的设施；这一占地13万平方英尺的行政中心可为近600人提供集体办公场所，此外还设有社区参与和学习的空间。

▼视频，Video © Videography by Saptrishi Roy; Photography by Andre J. Fanthome

Krushi Bhawan is a facility developed for Government of Odisha’s Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Empowerment; the 130,000 sq.ft administrative centre has been designed as an office for a team of nearly 600 people, in addition to accommodating spaces for community engagement and learning.

▼项目概览，Overall view © Noughts & Crosses LLP

该项目位于奥里萨邦首府布巴内斯瓦尔，该邦是多个农业社区的所在地，也是印度第三大粮食供给地。新办公园区毗邻旧的部门办公楼，附近还坐落着几个附属的机构建筑，如警察局和国宾馆。

Krushi Bhawan is located in Bhubaneshwar, the state capital of Odisha; home to multiple agrarian communities, the state is the third largest contributor to India’s grain supply. The new campus sits adjacent to the old ministry office with several ancillary structures of power in the vicinity, such as the Police Commissionerate Building and the State Guest House.

▼建筑沿街外观，Exterior view from the street © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼鸟瞰，Aerial view © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼底层入口，Ground floor entrance © Noughts & Crosses LLP

功能和规划原则 The Programme & Planning Principles

Krushi Bhawan最初被构想为一个纯粹的办公空间。Studio Lotus从Königsberger对布巴内斯瓦尔的最初规划中汲取了灵感，后者认为，政府办公室所在的国会大厦综合体将成为“公共生活的一个活跃点”。在此基础上，建筑团队提议将公共功能与社区空间纳入项目当中，使城市的社会基础设施变得更加完善。这一建议得到了客户的欣然认同。为了将建筑融入公共领域，大楼的首层被设计为一个自由流动的公共空间，并向外延伸至广场。该楼层还包括学习中心、画廊、礼堂、图书馆和培训室。同时，屋顶层被设计为一个用于容纳城市农业展览和最佳农业实践案例的场所。

▼轴测分解图，Exploded Isometric © Studio Lotus

Krushi Bhawan was originally planned as a purely administrative space; Studio Lotus took a cue from Königsberger‘s original vision for Bhubaneswar where he saw the Capitol Complex with a host of government offices becoming “a lively point of public life”. Thus, the architects’ suggestion to include public functions and community spaces to create a building that would add to the city’s social infrastructure was willingly embraced by the Clients. This attempt to include the building into the public domain has been achieved by designing the Ground floor as a free-flowing public space that opens out into a Plaza, which is an extension of the street. Congruent to the project objective, the ground floor comprises of a learning centre, a gallery, an auditorium, a library, and training rooms. Similarly the roof top has been designed to house urban farming exhibits and demonstration of agricultural best practices.

▼建筑外观，Exterior view © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼首层被设计为一个自由流动的公共空间 © Noughts & Crosses LLP The ground floor is designed as a free-flowing public space

需要限制出入的国家部门和指挥部门的办公室被安排在二至四层，这样即便是在非工作期间，大部分的设施也可以对公众保持开放。通过举办展览、研讨会、haats（每周市场）、讲座和学校参观等活动，这些公共空间成为了传授技能和分享知识的中心，吸引了城市中不同阶层的参与者。

The offices for the State department and Directorates – which require restricted access – have been placed on the first, second and third floors. This allows the offices to be secured off, making it possible to keep most of the other facilities open to public even on holidays. Through exhibitions, workshops, haats (weekly markets), lectures and school visits, these public spaces become a hub for imparting skills and sharing knowledge that engage diverse sections of the city’s population.

▼中央庭院，Central Court © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼首层休息空间，Seating area © Noughts & Crosses LLP

为了与当地气候条件相适应，设计方案还包括一个中央庭院，它通过一系列柱廊与公共广场相连。公共广场是一个种植着本地植物的花园，设有一个非正式的露天剧场，以及能够为前院降温的池塘。主入口通道的两侧是红砖镂空挡墙和树木，包含了多种功能——既可以作为员工午餐时间的公共区域，也可以用于进行各种小型的聚会。

As befits the climatic conditions of the region, the design scheme for Krushi Bhawan consists of a central courtyard that opens through a series of colonnades into the Public Plaza. The Public Plaza consists of a garden with native Flora, featuring an informal amphitheatre and a pond that cools the forecourt. The primary entrance pathway is lined by laterite lattices and trees, and performs multiple functions – from a common area for employees to congregate in and eat together during lunch hour, to a place for hosting small gatherings.

▼公共广场景观，Public plaza landscape © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼俯瞰公共广场，Aerial view to the public plaza © Noughts & Crosses LLP

首层空间由此成为了一个重要的公共节点，它使传统单调的政府设施变得更加亲切、包容，并且能够彰显集体理念。

The ground floor, thus, functions as a public node that turns the traditionally austere image of government facilities into one that is welcoming, inclusive and collectively owned.

▼花池座位，Planter seat © Noughts & Crosses LLP

技能的组合与材料 Skillsets Integrated and Materiality

Krushi Bhawan的独特视觉形象源于当地材料和本土性的叙事，其呈现的方式适应了当地的环境与气候。

The distinct visual identity of Krushi Bhawan has been derived from regional materials and vernacular narratives, expressed in a manner that is responsive to the local climate.

▼走廊两侧的金属屏风，Metal screens that line the building corridors © Noughts & Crosses LLP

100多名技艺高超的工匠合力创造了前所未有的建筑规模，彰显了充满活力和现代气息的、讲述着农业民间传说和神话故事的奥里亚传统工艺。例如，一种名为dhokra（金属铸造）的部落工艺被用于制作环绕在首层立柱周围的灯具，以及建筑走廊两侧的金属屏风；基座层和北翼楼使用了当地的红土和孔兹岩；手工雕刻的孔兹岩格栅墙为中央庭院增添了一种围合感。同样，通过各种工艺技术，整个建筑还展示了与农业相关的图案，例如公共广场边缘的红土浮雕，它们采用了奥里亚Pattachitra（一种布面卷轴画）的风格，描绘了成熟的稻谷。中央庭院的嵌石地面上绘制了“农作物日历”，显示了奥里亚农田中最常见农作物的收获周期。

Over 100 highly-skilled artisans have come together to create a vibrant and contemporary narrative of traditional Odia craft depicting agricultural folklore and mythological stories, envisioned at an unprecedented architectural scale. For instance, the tribal craft of dhokra (cast metal craft) has been adapted to make light fixtures that wrap around the ground floor columns, as well as metal screens that line the building corridors. The pedestal level and North Wing use locally-sourced laterite and khondalite stone. Hand-carved khondalite lattices provide a sense of enclosure to the Central Court. Similarly, agricultural motifs have been displayed across the building through a variety of craft techniques – such as the bas-relief carvings in laterite along the Public Plaza, which depict ripe paddy crops illustrated in the Odia Pattachitra (cloth-based scroll paintings) style. In the Central Court, a Crop Calendar has been created on a stone inlay floor, which displays the harvesting cycles for the most prevalent crops in Odia farmlands.

▼浮雕墙，Relief wall © Noughts & Crosses LLP

建筑的上方楼层采用了独特的砖砌外墙，灵感源于奥里萨手工编织的Ika图样，以三种不同色彩的粘土制作而成，彰显了该地区的地理多样性。砖制百叶窗包裹着整个建筑，犹如它的第二层皮肤。

The upper floors of Krushi Bhawan feature a distinctive brick façade inspired by Ikat patterns of Odisha handlooms, created using clay in three different colours that represent the geographical diversity of the region. This brick-louvered screen wraps around the building like a second skin.

▼砖砌外墙，Brick façade © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼入口台阶，Entrance stair © Noughts & Crosses LLP

可持续措施 Sustainability Measures

本地的被动式设计策略为建筑的可持续能力做出了贡献。庭院的形态和挑高的楼层有助于优化建筑内部的空气流通；较低的窗墙比和深凹的窗台有助于降低热辐射。建筑的体量与中央庭院的轮廓相适应，展现出错落有致的特征，在实现自遮阳的同时还避免了直射眩光。当地材料的使用也降低了施工过程中的碳排放量。建筑立面的设计确保了100%的内部空间都享有日照。此外，建筑群还采用了双层表皮策略，在所有外窗上安装了DGU（双层玻璃单元），以及可以作为遮阳装置的百叶窗和凸出的窗沿——该系统通过调节阳光的进入而降低了40%的热增量。

▼被动降温策略示意，Passive Cooling Strategy © Studio Lotus

Indigenous passive design strategies contribute to the sustainability parameters of the building. The courtyard morphology and the inclusion of a stilt level aid optimal air circulation through the building, whereas the low window-to-wall ratio and deeply recessed windows and balconies help lower heat gain. The building profile along the Central Court is characterized by staggered masses which enables self-shading and blocks direct glare. The use of locally-sourced materials has also lowered the carbon footprint of the construction process. The façade has been designed to ensure 100% daylit internal spaces. Further, a double-skin facade strategy has been put in place at the complex, which consists of DGU on all external fenestration with louvers and sill projections that act as shading devices – a system that reduces heat gain to 40% by regulating ingress of sunlight.

▼公共广场景观，The landscaped plaza © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼建筑局部，Details © Noughts & Crosses LLP

布巴内斯瓦尔的夜间气温在一年间的降幅极大。为此，设计团队开发了一个简单的夜间净化系统，用于制冷和通风。借助这种机制，当夜间气温下降时，凉爽的空气会通过定制的“低技”风门系统从北立面被推入建筑内部。白天室外温度较高时，建筑的高热质量会捕获“冷量”并与周围空气进行交换。这样，建筑在为用户提供高热舒适度的同时，还能减少对暖通空调系统的需求，使安装空调的区域只占建筑空间的20%。

Bhubaneswar experiences significant drops in night temperatures through the year. Taking this into consideration, a simple Night-Purging system has been devised for cooling and ventilation. Through this mechanism, cool air gets pulled into the building through the northern façade when temperatures drop at night, by means of a custom designed ‘low-tech’ damper system. The high thermal mass of the building traps the ‘coolth’ and becomes a ‘coolth’ exchanger with the surrounding air in the day, when outside temperatures are higher. Consequently, the building achieves high thermal comfort for its users while cutting down the need for air-conditioning via HVAC systems to only 20% of the built spaces.

▼种植池，Planter © Noughts & Crosses LLP

▼中央庭院的嵌石地面上绘制了“农作物日历”，In the Central Court, a Crop Calendar has been created on a stone inlay floor © Noughts & Crosses LLP

其他干预措施包括露台上的太阳能电池板、现场雨水收集和废水处理系统，以及一个借助厌氧生物分解固体废物的管理系统，可产生堆肥和用于景观浇灌的施肥水。

Other interventions include solar panels on the terrace, on-site rainwater harvesting and wastewater treatment, and an anaerobic bio-digestive solid waste management system which generates compost and fertigation water for the landscape.

Krushi Bhawa超越了典型的封闭式办公园区形态，将政府职能与直接的社区参与和教育结合在一起。通过精心设计的空间方案，该建筑群将奥里亚农民和布巴内斯瓦尔的市民纳入其中，促进了他们之间的互动与合作。综合体的设计和建设过程力图创造一个节俭创新的典范：弘扬文化、充分融入邻里，具有高度的可持续性，并且符合印度这类国家的国情。与此同时，该项目还为政府如何成为地方手工艺的重要资助者、如何维持与之相关的社区和经济发展树立了范例。

Krushi Bhawan transcends the typical closed office campus morphology by integrating governmental functions with direct community engagement and education. Through a meticulously developed spatial programme, the complex brings the Odia farmers and the citizens of Bhubaneswar into the fold and facilitates their interaction and collaboration. It thus seeks to present with its design and building process a model of frugal innovation that celebrates culture, seeks to include the neighbourhood and is highly sustainable and relevant to what countries such as India need. It also serves as an example of how the government can become a key patron of regional crafts, and sustain the communities and economies built around them.

Krushi Bhawan力求展现真正具有包容性的建筑理念——为人民而建，由人民而建，使人民的集体文化认同感得以彰显。

Krushi Bhawan thus seeks to embody the idea of truly inclusive architecture – created for the people, built by the people, and expressive of their collective cultural identity.

▼北立面图，North Elevation

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