场域建筑在贵州黔东南自治州黎平县的茅贡镇完成了当地的粮库改造设计,这是茅贡镇复兴计划的第一个关键示范项目。旧的粮库建筑原处于闲置状态,2016年镇政府和地扪生态博物馆决定将它改造成面向村民的艺术中心,以及乡镇新的文化载体。
In 2016, Maogong government and Dimen Eco-Museum decided to convert an old vacant barn into an Art Center for local communities as a new culture carrier. Approach Architecture Studio turned this redevelopment commission into a pivotal project of Maogong revitalization plan.
▼鸟瞰图,aerial view
茅贡镇类似大多数边远的乡镇,拥有一条县级过境公路。公路两侧是数十年来不断演变的小型农村建筑。功能以服务于周边村寨的商业、服务业为主。有计划经济年代过后闲置的粮库、供销社,也有缓慢变化更新的邮局、银行、五金建材,通讯电器店、餐厅等等,建筑面貌是当地抬梁式民居和砖混结构的复合体。过去数年来,在地扪生态博物馆和艺术家左靖的共同推动下,博物馆和地方政府开始合作,将茅贡作为辐射周围侗寨原生态村落的聚集点,承接前往侗寨旅游的外来人流消费;同时减少在原生态村落内部为扩大旅游接待能力而导致的破坏性修建压力。
▼改造前的场地,the original site
Similar to most of the remote villages and towns, Maogong forms with a county highway crossing as a main spacial structure. On both sides of the highway, there are small rural retail and wholesale buildings that have evolved over decades, serving farmers in surrounding villages. A few abandoned storage space and supply marketing agencies are legacies of the planned economy era, neighboring with post offices, banks, hardware tools, materials, telecommunications, restaurants and so on. Some are traditional local post-and-beam wood structures and more are recent concrete structures.In the past few years, promoted by the Dimen Eco-Museum and curator Zuo Jing, local government began the action to resume Maogong as the service center of the original villages around the radiation area and to undertake the increasing demands of the outside tourists visiting the Dong villages nearby. It will significantly reduce the unregulated constructions in these historical reserved ancient villages, causing by the tourism reception capacity limits.
▼改造后的样貌,the building after renovation
场域建筑的设计出发点是谋求将现状建筑与道路之间的契型空地进行庭院化利用,并将回廊和庭院作为道路与建筑之间的缓冲。几座位于二级公路边的闲置资产经过改造,成为乡镇新的文化载体投入到使用中。粮仓和周边旧建筑通过墙面翻修及室内改造,整理为以地方手工艺和农产品展示、宣教为主的文化空间。并包括工作坊、艺术家驻场工作站、餐饮礼品等附属设施。外部采用当地传统做法及材料,围合建造一条分隔喧闹的公路与安静的展览厅之间的廊道,将现有室外空间划为三个大小、形状、使用目地不同的院落。
▼平面图:一条廊道将现有室外空间划为三个大小、形状、使用目地不同的院落,plan: the corridor divides the existing outdoor space into three courtyards of different sizes, shapes and purposes
The design strategy of Approach Architecture Studio is to seek the courtyard utilization of the open space between the existing buildings and the road, and to treat the space between the corridor and the courtyard as the buffer zone. The old barn houses and its surrounding old buildings are arranged as a cultural space with local handcraft and agricultural product showrooms, together with artists’ workshops, studios, catering gifts, and other ancillary facilities. Applying with local traditional techniques and materials, the exterior consists of a corridor between the noisy highway and the quiet exhibition hall, and it divides the existing outdoor space into three courtyards of different sizes, shapes and purposes.
▼廊道与院落,the corridor and the courtyards
▼廊道细部,corridor detailed view
▼阶梯式的廊道,the stepped corridor
▼檐下空间,the gap between barn structures
旧粮仓修护、保留了大部分旧墙面。新的搭建工艺和材料就地取材,但在某些屋面做法上对传统做法进行了改良。大部分原有建筑和原始材料被保留和再利用。而新建结构、门窗等材料均采用当地抬梁式木结构形式、聘用当地工人、使用当地传统建造技艺。
Unlike most of the contemporary architectural practicing in urban China, the new additional buildings are designed with local wood construction techniques and materials, with several improvements and revisions. While the old barn house has retained most of the old walls, the entire redevelopment project was built by local carpenters and farmers, using 100% local renewable building materials and supplies.
▼旧粮仓如今成为乡镇的新艺术中心和文化载体,the old vacant barn has been converted into an Art Center for local communities as a new culture carrier
▼展览空间,exhibition space
▼展览现场,exhibition venue
▼墙面材料细部,material
▼设计手稿,design sketch
▼轴测示意图,axon
▼一层平面图,ground floor plan
▼二层平面图,first floor plan
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