项目背景
Background
快速城市化下重上不重下的失衡发展,致使丰雨期所带来的城市问题更加突出。过去3年,我国360多个城市遭内涝,2015上半年已有41座城镇因暴雨内涝受淹。“逢雨必涝”已成为我国城市重大灾害之一。
Massive increase of impervious surfaces has made flooding a national scandal. “No one seems quite sure how to implement the trendy new idea of green infrastructure” – retrofitting our own front yard is UP+S’s first step towards solving this predicament.
▼夏日雨后,After a Typical Summer Storm
▼建成后的雨水花园,the completed rain garden
场地溯源
History
项目基地位于768创意园区,园区前身为大华电子仪器厂,是我国建国初期156项重点项目之一,始建于上世纪50年代,由原苏联设计师设计,是现存为数不多的老工业遗址之一。2009年改造为以知识创新、科研研发、设计创意为主的文创企业聚集地。
The site is in the 768 creative park, and the building was a former electronic instrument factory designed by the original Soviet designer in 50’s. The transformation of a industrial heritage is critical to this area.
▼项目前身,the original state of the site
▼平面图,plan
▼雨水分析图,Analysis chart
雨水系统
Rainwater system
屋顶雨水经落水管进入弃流池初步沉淀后,一部分进入循环水景,另一部分通过层层台地滞留、净化、下渗,径流部分获得最长线的行走距离,汇入中心下沉花园。同时道路雨水从开口道牙经过台地净化,干净的雨水也汇入下沉花园。当雨水量超过设计容量时,过多的雨水通过溢流装置进入地下贮水池,雨后泵送回第二层台地循环净化,或用于植物浇灌、洗车等,场地内部雨水自行消解。建设的过程中,下沉花园与上层台地实现土方平衡,减少外运成本。为探索出适宜雨水花园的材料与植物,尝试使用多种新的品类,在满足功能需求的前提下追求雨水花园营建的艺术化,尊重和感受雨水之美。
Rooftop and driveway runoff flows through a series of bioretention terraces before infiltrating through the central sunken garden. An underground cistern provides additional storage during extreme rainstorms. Purified rainwater is reused for irrigation, car-washing and waterscape in two linear troughs.
▼夏季的雨水花园,rain garden in summer
▼为社区带来良好的社会效益,the social benefits within the community
场地设计
Design
雨水花园对建筑屋顶及周边场地的雨水进行有效地渗透、滞留、净化、蓄积、利用、排放,对雨水进行管理,成为真正的雨水银行。阿普雨水花园新景观的微创新,雨水路径、台地、低维护植物、节能型材料和明快的色彩是其5个显著的特征。在设计中,注重雨洪设施的景观化处理,低影响材料清水混凝土水槽呈现自然亲切质感,透水的明黄色玻璃钢格栅是利用废旧材料的再次加工而成,像征四季都在盛放的迎春花,黑色钢板硬朗的线条感,凸显台地层次,与水的柔美相配合刚柔并济。低影响、低成本、低维护的三低景观在花园中无处不体现,形成技艺兼备的雨水系统:形态遇到生态,可观可玩可用的生态空间。
Since completion in Apr. 2014, the rain garden has been able to reuse and infiltrate 100% of the curb-cut inflow and runoff (totaling 57,060 gal. per year) from the 220 m² roof and the site itself. Rainwater trails and garden function are clearly communicated through custom-designed downspout, first-flush pools, the steel and concrete troughs, terrace scuppers and the permeable FRP platform. Rooftop rainwater visibly slows down in the first flush pools and dissipates into the cascading terraces. A variety of plant species have been experimented in the pools to improve the water quality of the roof runoff.
▼秋天的雨水花园,the rain garden in Autumn
场地空间
Space
在设计中,空间的使用功能也是重点考虑的内容,格栅平台方便近距离的接触和观察雨水花园和循环水景,让雨水设施可亲近和互动。这点在建成之后体现的十分明显,平台时常出现雨水花园的求知者,这里成为了雨水花园教育和宣传的基地。水景设计尺度适宜,对净化后雨水的利用成为其亮点,潺潺的水声让人感觉放松和宁静,午后这里成为员工休闲交流的重要场所,同时也吸引儿童乐此不疲的戏水玩而耍。
Gabions filled with recycled rocks from local quarries offer an incredibly low-cost approach to spatial division and rainwater filtering. A bright-colored permeable FRP platform invites everyone – professionals eager to learn Artful Rainwater Design or neighborhood children – to stay and interact with this functioning landscape. An educational sign unreservedly passes on knowledge gained through the design and construction processes.
▼冬季的雨水花园,the garden in winter
检测与后期维护
Detection and Maintenance
雨水花园建设过程中及建成后,我们分别收取花园不同位置的雨水,包括弃流缓冲池、景观水槽、下沉花园、蓄水池各处,结合当日降雨量及雨型进行长期的记录和综合分析。虽然是低维护花园也仍然需要定期的对植物和雨水系统进行维护,以保证雨水花园发挥其净化和收集雨水的作用。
Without additional irrigation, careful selection of native plant species ensured a robust lush garden after just one growing season. Rainwater both nourishes the native plants in the central sunken garden and recharges precious groundwater through the infiltrating bioretention soil media. Flow reduction achievement prompted us to pursue our next research project – evaluating the water quality improvement function of the bioretention. Preliminary test of 17 parameters indicated excellence performance for metals, bacteria, TSS, and petroleum, with more results to come…
▼采样分析,the water index analysis
▼总平面,master plan
*植物表:
荷兰菊 Aster novi-belgii
狼尾草 Pennisetum alopecuroides (L. ) Spreng
紫叶狼尾草 Pennisetum setaceum‘Rubrum’
柳枝稷 Panicum virgatum
蒲苇 Cortaderia selloana
芦竹 Arundo donax
崂峪苔草 Carex giraldiana
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus L.
鸢尾 Iris tectorum Maxim.
山桃草 Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. et Gray
观赏葱 Allium
千叶蓍 Achillea millefolium
毛茛 Ranunculus japonicus Thunb.
委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis Ser.
大叶铁线莲 Clematis heracleifolia DC.
千屈菜 Lythrum salicaria L.
少女石竹 Dianthus deltoids L.
扶芳藤 Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz.
细叶芒 Miscanthus sinensis cv.
斑叶芒 Miscanthus sinensis Andress ‘Zebrinus’
拂子茅 Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth
箬竹 Indocalamus tessellatus (Munro) Keng f.
假龙头 Physostegia virginiana
德国景天 Sedum hybridum ‘Immergrunchett’
玉簪 Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers.
项目面积:150m²
项目位置:北京市海淀区学院路5号768创意园 D-04
项目业主:阿普贝思(北京)建筑景观设计咨询有限公司
项目类型:雨洪管理类
甲方:阿普贝思(北京)建筑设计咨询有限公司
设计师:邹裕波、高天阔、林章义、夏丽昕
顾问:车伍、赵杨、安有丰、卢轩、吴家钦、许又生
摄影师:童景星
施工者:郑基来
硬质:玻璃钢格栅(河北省枣强县天云铸业腾飞制造有限公司)、格宾石笼(马克菲尔新型支档科技开发有限公司)、景观玻璃块(秦皇岛市宇玻玻璃制品有限公司)
照明:(泛亚国际、北京宏飞博极照明)
木材、面层、收边:有机覆盖物(北京卡乐兰蒂生物科技有限公司)
结构构造:膨润土防水毯(捷高(CETCO))
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